ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Optic Nerve Sheath as a Novel Mechanical Load on the Globe in Ocular Duction.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optic Disc and Retinal Strain Due to Vertical Duction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Ocular Translation Due to Gravitational Acceleration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Interpupillary Distance and Peripapillary Myopic Changes: A Pilot Study in a Glaucomatous Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Asymmetric stress distribution on lamina cribrosa in glaucoma patients with high myopia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Impact of Optic Nerve Tortuosity, Globe Proptosis, and Size on Retinal Ganglion Cell Thickness Across General, Glaucoma, and Myopic Populations.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Finite Element Model of the Effect of Optic Nerve Sheath Anisotropy on Ocular Loading During Horizontal Duction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Eye Movements and the Intraorbital Subarachnoid Space: Potential Contribution of Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Pumping in Optic Neuropathies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Horizontal Gaze Tolerance and Its Effects on Visual Sensitivity in Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Eye Movement Variations in Indoor, Outdoor, and Reading Scenarios and Their Implications for Myopia.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Tensile properties of glaucomatous human sclera, optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2024Article
- Exploration of Choroidal Thinning Located Temporal to the Fovea: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Postmortem Digital Image Correlation and Finite Element Modeling Demonstrate Posterior Scleral Deformations during Optic Nerve Adduction Tethering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Demonstrates Pediatric Optic Disc and Peripapillary Strain During Horizontal Eye Rotation.Current eye research · 2024Article
- Optic Nerve Head Curvature Flattening Is Associated with Central Visual Field Scotoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Changes in Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow During Horizontal Ocular Duction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Parapapillary gamma zone associated with increased peripapillary scleral bowing: the Beijing Eye Study 2011.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy Demonstrates Disc and Peripapillary Strain During Horizontal Eye Rotation in Adults.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Empirical Quantification of Optic Nerve Strain Due to Horizontal Duction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Peripapillary Intrachoroidal Cavitation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Demonstrates Strain and Volume Effects on Optic Disk and Peripapillary Vasculature Caused by Horizontal Duction.Current eye research · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe optic nerve (ON) sheath's role in limiting duction has been previously unappreciated. This study employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate this constraint on adduction.
methodsHigh-resolution, surface coil axial MRI was obtained in 11 normal adults, 14 subjects with esotropia (ET) having normal axial length (AL) < 25.8 mm, 13 myopic subjects with ET and mean AL 29.3 ± 3.3 (SD) mm, and 7 subjects with exotropia (XT). Gaze angles and ON lengths were measured for scans employing eccentric lateral fixation in which an ON became completely straightened.
resultsIn all groups, ON straightening occurred only in the adducting, not abducting, eye. Adduction at ON straightening was 26.0 ± 8.8° in normal subjects, not significantly different from XT at 22.2 ± 11.8°. However, there was significant increase in comparable adduction in ET to 36.3 ± 9.3°, and in myopic ET to 33.6 ± 10.7° (P < 0.04). Optic nerve length at straightening was 27.6 ± 2.7 mm in normals, not significantly different from 28.2 ± 2.8 mm in ET and 27.8 ± 2.7 mm in XT. In myopic ET, ON length at straightening was significantly reduced to 24.0 ± 2.9 mm (P < 0.002) and was associated with globe retraction in adduction, suggesting ON tethering.
conclusionsLarge adduction may exhaust length redundancy in the normally sinuous ON and sheath, so that additional adduction must stretch the sheath and retract or deform the globe. These mechanical effects are most significant in ET with axial myopia, but may also exert traction on the posterior sclera absent strabismus or myopia. Tethering by the ON sheath in adduction is an important, novel mechanical load on the globe.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.