Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27081744›Full record

ArticleMetabolic syndrome and related disorders2016

Major Increase in Microbiota-Dependent Proatherogenic Metabolite TMAO One Year After Bariatric Surgery.

Marius Trøseid, Johannes R Hov, Torunn Kristin Nestvold, Hanne Thoresen, Rolf K Berge, Asbjørn Svardal, Knut Tore Lappegård

Open access · hybridAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Effects of Weight Loss Interventions on Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Linked to Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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  3. Metabolomic signatures after bariatric surgery - a systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Marius Trøseid1 Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo, Norway .
Johannes R Hov2 Research Institute of Internal Medicine , Oslo, Norway .
Torunn Kristin Nestvold7 Department of Surgery, Nordland Hospital , Bodø, Norway .
Hanne Thoresen8 Department of Radiology, Nordland Hospital , Bodø, Norway .
Rolf K Berge9 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway .
Asbjørn Svardal9 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway .
Knut Tore Lappegård11 Department of Medicine, Nordland Hospital , Bodø, Norway .
Nordland Hospital · NOHaukeland University Hospital · NOOslo University Hospital · NOUiT The Arctic University of Norway · NOUniversity of Bergen · NOUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTrimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is formed in the liver from trimethylamine (TMA), a product exclusively generated by the gut microbiota from dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine. An alternative pathway of TMAO formation from carnitine is via the microbiota-dependent intermediate γ-butyrobetaine (γBB). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about TMAO in obesity. Given the proposed contribution of microbiota alterations in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we investigated the potential impact of obesity, lifestyle-induced weight loss, and bariatric surgery on plasma levels of TMAO, its microbiota-dependent intermediate γBB, and its diet-dependent precursors carnitine and choline.

methodsTMAO, γBB, carnitine, and choline were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 34 obese individuals (17 with and 17 without T2D) undergoing bariatric surgery and 17 controls.

resultsTMAO was not elevated in obese patients or reduced by lifestyle interventions but increased approximately twofold after bariatric surgery. Similar to TMAO, plasma levels of γBB were not influenced by lifestyle interventions but increased moderately after bariatric surgery. In contrast, carnitine and choline, which are abundant in nutrients, such as in red meat and eggs, and not microbiota dependent, were reduced after lifestyle interventions and rebounded after bariatric surgery.

conclusionsThe major increase in TMAO after bariatric surgery was unexpected because high TMAO levels have been linked to CVD, whereas bariatric surgery is known to reduce CVD risk. Prospective studies of gut microbiota composition and related metabolites in relation to long-term cardiovascular risk after bariatric surgery are warranted.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryMicrobiotaAdultAtherosclerosisBetaineBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesCarnitineCase-Control StudiesCholineChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansLife StyleBetaineCarnitineCholinegamma-butyrobetaineMethylaminestrimethyloxamine

Identifiers

PMID27081744
PMCPMC4841908
OpenAlexW2253774525

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.