ReviewCirculation research2016
The Importance of Biological Sex and Estrogen in Rodent Models of Cardiovascular Health and Disease.
Review in Circulation research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Evaluation of Cardiac Health in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Colony: Implications of Evolutionary Driven Increases in Concentric Hypertrophy.American journal of hypertension · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sex-Specific COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Practical guidelines for rigor and reproducibility in preclinical and clinical studies on cardioprotection.Basic research in cardiology · 2018Guideline
- Gender difference in the effects of cacao polyphenols on blood pressure and glucose/lipid metabolism in prediabetic subjects: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Trial
- Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in transmasculine individuals over 10 years of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- A novel murine model of early calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease based on the TNFRSF11B mutation mimics features of the human disease.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Women and Cardiovascular Disease: The Gender Gap-A Life-Course and Sex-Specific Perspective.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- RND3 Enhances Cardiac Glucose Metabolism Through Inhibiting ACAT1-Dependent PDHA1 Acetylation and Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Circulation · 2026Article
- Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Small-molecule LF3 alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiac dysfunction via attenuating cardiac fibrosis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Age and gender effects on echocardiographic and histopathological cardiac phenotypes in healthy adult mice.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Strategies for Post- Menopausal Atherosclerosis: Evidence from an Ovariectomized Mouse Model.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Exploring Sex Differences in Stroke Outcomes: A Comprehensive Analysis From the SPAN 1 Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Protective effects of buloxibutid and empagliflozin on hypertension-induced cardiac and vascular injury in rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Clinical validation study of a novel prognostic risk prediction model (CHIP Score) for interventional therapy in patients with NSTE-ACS-a single-center retrospective cohort study based on 348 patients.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Disproportionality analysis of methylphenidate-associated adverse events in pediatric patients using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: overall signals and stratification by gender and dosage form.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cardiac ventricular Kir6.1 ATP-sensitive potassium channels: an overlooked effector of cardioprotection.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Influence of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Relationship Between Menopausal Status and Major Cardiovascular Disease in Women.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Immune cell uptake of glycinated nanoparticles conjugated to anti-fibrotic peptides enables their prolonged activity and oral administration.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nearly one-third of deaths in the United States are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) each year. In the past, CVD was thought to mainly affect men, leading to the exclusion of women and female animals from clinical studies and preclinical research. In light of sexual dimorphisms in CVD, a need exists to examine baseline cardiac differences in humans and the animals used to model CVD. In humans, sex differences are apparent at every level of cardiovascular physiology from action potential duration and mitochondrial energetics to cardiac myocyte and whole-heart contractile function. Biological sex is an important modifier of the development of CVD with younger women generally being protected, but this cardioprotection is lost later in life, suggesting a role for estrogen. Although endogenous estrogen is most likely a mediator of the observed functional differences in both health and disease, the signaling mechanisms involved are complex and are not yet fully understood. To investigate how sex modulates CVD development, animal models are essential tools and should be useful in the development of therapeutics. This review will focus on describing the cardiovascular sexual dimorphisms that exist both physiologically and in common animal models of CVD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.