ArticleBMC public health2016
Walkability around primary schools and area deprivation across Scotland.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Assessing the accuracy of routing engines in replicating children's walking routes to school: a comparative study of google, mapbox, and OSRM.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
- Is objectively measured exposure to built and natural environment associated with population-level cardiovascular disease mortality in Great Britain?SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Characteristics of the obesogenic environment around schools are associated with body fat and low-grade inflammation in Brazilian children.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Social integration as a determinant of inequalities in green space usage: Insights from a theoretical agent-based model.Health & place · 2022Article
- Socio-economic and Regional Differences in Walkability and Greenspace Around Primary Schools: A Census of Australian Primary School Neighbourhoods.Journal of community health · 2021Article
- School Walkability Index: Application of Environmental Audit Tool and GIS.Journal of transport & health · 2020Article
- The relationship between living in urban and rural areas of Scotland and children's physical activity and sedentary levels: a country-wide cross-sectional analysis.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Children's mobility and environmental exposures in urban landscapes: A cross-sectional study of 10-11 year old Scottish children.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Article
- Associations between spatial access to physical activity facilities and frequency of physical activity; how do home and workplace neighbourhoods in West Central Scotland compare?International journal of health geographics · 2019Article
- The Influence of Neighbourhoods and the Social Environment on Sedentary Behaviour in Older Adults in Three Prospective Cohorts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
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Abstract
backgroundA number of studies based in the US, Canada, and Australia, have found evidence of associations between the built environment (BE) and mode of transport to school, and links between active travel and deprivation. Limited research in the UK compares potential BE supports for walking to school by area deprivation. Within this study, we gathered data on BE attributes previously linked to active travel, i.e., street/path connectivity, and dwelling density, created a composite 'walkability score' (WS) for areas around primary schools across urban Scotland, and explored whether poorer areas exhibit lower scores than more affluent areas, or vice versa. We consider this to be a novel approach as few studies have compared BE features by deprivation across a whole country.
methodsAddress and road/path maps were obtained and primary schools (N = 937) across mainland Scotland were mapped. Schools were attributed income deprivation scores (scores divided into quintiles (Q1: least deprived, Q5: most deprived)). Catchment area (CA) boundaries, i.e., the geographic area representing eligibility for local school attendance, were drawn around schools, and WS calculated for each CA. We compared mean WS by income quintile (ANOVA), for all local authorities (LAs) combined (N = 29), and separately for the four LAs with the greatest number of schools included in the analysis.
resultsFor all LAs combined, the least deprived quintile (Q1) showed a significantly lower WS (-0.61), than quintiles 3, 4 and 5 (Q2: -0.04 (non-sig), Q3: 0.38, Q4: 0.09, Q5: 0.18); while for Glasgow the second least deprived quintile (Q2) showed significantly higher WS (Q1: 1.35, Q2: 1.73), than middling (Q3: 0.18) and most deprived quintiles (Q4: 0.06, Q5: -0.10).
conclusionWS differ by deprivation with patterns varying depending on the spatial scale of the analysis. It is essential that less walkable areas are provided with the resources to improve opportunities to engage in active travel.
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