ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Overloading the immunity of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae with multiple immune challenges.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Elevated Temperatures on the Growth and Development of Adult Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes.Journal of medical entomology · 2022Article
- Article
- Hemocyte Changes During Immune Melanization inInsects · 2019Article
- The relationship between size and longevity of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) depends on the larval environment.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Mosquito Innate Immunity.Insects · 2018Review
- Insect pathogenic fungus interacts with the gut microbiota to accelerate mosquito mortality.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMelanisation - the production and deposition of a layer of melanin that encapsulates many pathogens, including bacteria, filarial nematodes and malaria parasites is one of the main immune responses in mosquitoes. Can a high parasite load overload this immune response? If so, how is the melanisation response distributed among the individual parasites?
methodsWe considered these questions with the mosquito Anopheles gambiae by inoculating individuals simultaneously with one, two or three negatively charged Sephadex beads, and estimating the melanisation as the darkness of the bead (which ranges from about 0 for unmelanised beads to 100 for the most melanised beads of our experiment).
resultsAs the number of beads increased, the average degree to which beads were melanised decreased from 71 to 50. While the darkness of the least melanised bead in a mosquito decreased from an average of 71 to 35, the darkness of the most strongly melanised one did not change with the number of beads.
conclusionsAs the number of beads increased, the mosquito's immune response became overloaded. The mosquito's response was to prioritise the melanisation of one bead rather than distributing its response over all beads. Such immune overloading may be an important factor underlying the evolution of resistance against vector-borne diseases.
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