ArticleScientific reports2016
Ciliate Paramecium is a natural reservoir of Legionella pneumophila.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: a new potential human pathogen found in the ciliate Paramecium bursaria.Protoplasma · 2025Article
- Analysis of the genes and mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxicity of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Legionella Confer Survival Benefits to Paramecium Hosts by Inhibiting Phagocytosis.Microbes and environments · 2025Article
- A comprehensive two-hybrid analysis to explore themSystems · 2024Article
- Exploring the landscape of symbiotic diversity and distribution in unicellular ciliated protists.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Integrating depth-dependent protist dynamics and microbial interactions in spring succession of a freshwater reservoir.Environmental microbiome · 2024Article
- Sodium levels and grazing pressure shape natural communities of the intracellular pathogen Legionella.Microbiome · 2023Article
- 'Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- Stagnation arising through intermittent usage is associated with increased viable but non culturableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Protein sociology of ProA, Mip and other secreted virulence factors at theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Comparative Analysis Between Paramecium Strains with Different Syngens Using the RAPD Method.Microbial ecology · 2022Article
- Distinction of Paramecium strains by a combination method of RAPD analysis and multiplex PCR.PloS one · 2022Article
- Chasing Waterborne Pathogens in Antarctic Human-Made and Natural Environments, with Special Reference toApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Review
- PeculiarFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The core microbiome of sessile ciliate Stentor coeruleus is not shaped by the environment.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- High-Throughput Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene as a Survey to Analyze the Microbiomes of Free-Living Ciliates Paramecium.Microbial ecology · 2019Article
- Using the Protozoan Paramecium caudatum as a Vehicle for Food-borne Infections in Zebrafish Larvae.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2019Article
- Review
- Crucial Role ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, replicates within alveolar macrophages and free-living amoebae. However, the lifestyle of L. pneumophila in the environment remains largely unknown. Here we established a novel natural host model of L. pneumophila endosymbiosis using the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. We also identified Legionella endosymbiosis-modulating factor A (LefA), which contributes to the change in life stage from endosymbiosis to host lysis, enabling escape to the environment. We isolated L. pneumophila strains from the environment, and they exhibited cytotoxicity toward P. caudatum and induced host lysis. Acidification of the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) was inhibited, and enlarged LCVs including numerous bacteria were observed in P. caudatum infected with L. pneumophila. An isogenic L. pneumophila lefA mutant exhibited decreased cytotoxicity toward P. caudatum and impaired the modification of LCVs, resulting in the establishment of endosymbiosis between them. Our results suggest that L. pneumophila may have a mechanism to switch their endosymbiosis in protistan hosts in the environment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.