ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2016
Persistent HIV-1 replication during antiretroviral therapy.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed.
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.eLife · 2026Trial
- Therapeutic HIV-1 Tat vaccination promotes durable immune reconstitution and reservoir reduction in ART-treated adults with clade C infection: a 12-year follow-up study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Iron absorption and loss, and efficacy of iron supplementation with and without prebiotics in children with virally suppressed HIV: three prospective studies in South Africa.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Changes to inflammatory markers during 5 years of viral suppression and during viral blips in people with HIV initiating different integrase inhibitor based regimens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Suppression of human and simian immunodeficiency virus replication with the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab in two species.PLoS pathogens · 2022Trial
- Seminal Tenofovir Concentrations, Viral Suppression, and Semen Quality With Tenofovir Alafenamide, Compared With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network, PreEC/RIS 40).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Switching From a Protease Inhibitor-based Regimen to a Dolutegravir-based Regimen: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Determine the Effect on Peripheral Blood and Ileum Biopsies From Antiretroviral Therapy-suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Individuals.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Size, Composition, and Evolution of HIV DNA Populations during Early Antiretroviral Therapy and Intensification with Maraviroc.Journal of virology · 2018Trial
- Multiplex engineering of rhesus macaque NK cells enhances homing to sites of HIV replication in B cell follicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HIV Treatment Outcomes Among Methamphetamine-Using Patients on Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Vietnam: A Brief Report.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- CCR5Δ32 polymorphism is associated with increased central memory CD4+ T cells in virologically suppressed people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Characterisation of RT Connection and RNase H Polymorphisms in HIV-1 Subtype C in Botswana.Viruses · 2026Article
- HIV persistence in tissues on dolutegravir-based therapy is not associated with resistance mutations to dolutegravir.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) is associated with coronary inflammation in people with HIV and undetectable HIV RNA.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Modulation of IRF7-driven transcription as a strategy to control HIV-1 latency.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 genetic diversity and reverse transcriptase resistance mutations in Benin before dolutegravir era, West Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
- Ultra-low level HIV p24 drives immune activation in antiretroviral therapy-treated people living with HIV.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- NK cell immunotherapy administered at the time of HIV recrudescence is associated with viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Doubling dolutegravir dosage reduces the viral reservoir in ART-treated people with HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Nicotine and neurocognition in HIV: Translational challenges and therapeutic potential.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe present review will highlight some of the recent findings regarding the capacity of HIV-1 to replicate during antiretroviral therapy (ART). RECENT
findingsAlthough ART is highly effective at inhibiting HIV replication, it is not curative. Several mechanisms contribute to HIV persistence during ART, including HIV latency, immune dysfunction, and perhaps persistent low-level spread of the virus to uninfected cells (replication). The success in curing HIV will depend on efficiently targeting these three aspects. The degree to which HIV replicates during ART remains controversial. Most studies have failed to find any evidence of HIV evolution in blood, even with samples collected over many years, although a recent very intensive study of three individuals suggested that the virus population does shift, at least during the first few months of therapy. Stronger but still not definitive evidence for replication comes from a series of studies in which standard regimens were intensified with an integration inhibitor, resulting in changes in episomal DNA (blood) and cell-associated RNA (tissue). Limited drug penetration within tissues and the presence of immune sanctuaries have been argued as potential mechanisms allowing HIV to spread during ART. Mathematical models suggest that HIV replication and evolution is possible even without the selection of fully drug-resistant variants. As persistent HIV replication could have clinical consequences and might limit the efficacy of curative interventions, determining if HIV replicates during ART and why, should remain a key focus of the HIV research community. SUMMARY: Residual viral replication likely persists in lymphoid tissues, at least in a subset of individuals. Abnormal levels of immune activation might contribute to sustain virus replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.