ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
In vitro system using human neurons demonstrates that varicella-zoster vaccine virus is impaired for reactivation, but not latency.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serious neurological adverse events in immunocompetent children and adolescents caused by viral reactivation in the years following varicella vaccination.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- A human sensory neuron model for varicella-zoster virus latency and reactivationbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine vOka: Molecular and cellular biology of its skin attenuation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Biological relevance ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Repression of varicella zoster virus gene expression during quiescent infection in the absence of detectable histone deposition.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Differentiation of Human Neurons and Neuron-Like Cells to Study VZV Neuronal Infection.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Increase in Adult Patients with Varicella Zoster Virus-Related Central Nervous System Infections, Japan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Varicella Vaccine Safety: Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence of Absence.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Enhanced axonal regeneration of ALS patient iPSC-derived motor neurons harboring SOD1Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Varicella Zoster Virus Neuronal Latency and Reactivation Modeled in Vitro.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Common Features Between Stroke Following Varicella in Children and Stroke Following Herpes Zoster in Adults : Varicella-Zoster Virus in Trigeminal Ganglion.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
- Lack of strong innate immune reactivity renders macrophages alone unable to control productive Varicella-Zoster Virus infection in an isogenic human iPSC-derived neuronal co-culture model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Varicella Zoster Virus infects mucosal associated Invariant T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Varicella-Zoster Virus-Genetics, Molecular Evolution and Recombination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Rapid Detection of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Using a Recombinase-Aided Amplification-Lateral Flow System.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Insights From Studies of the Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Immunogenicity of the Varicella Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) establishes latency in human sensory and cranial nerve ganglia during primary infection (varicella), and the virus can reactivate and cause zoster after primary infection. The mechanism of how the virus establishes and maintains latency and how it reactivates is poorly understood, largely due to the lack of robust models. We found that axonal infection of neurons derived from hESCs in a microfluidic device with cell-free parental Oka (POka) VZV resulted in latent infection with inability to detect several viral mRNAs by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, no production of infectious virus, and maintenance of the viral DNA genome in endless configuration, consistent with an episome configuration. With deep sequencing, however, multiple viral mRNAs were detected. Treatment of the latently infected neurons with Ab to NGF resulted in production of infectious virus in about 25% of the latently infected cultures. Axonal infection of neurons with vaccine Oka (VOka) VZV resulted in a latent infection similar to infection with POka; however, in contrast to POka, VOka-infected neurons were markedly impaired for reactivation after treatment with Ab to NGF. In addition, viral transcription was markedly reduced in neurons latently infected with VOka compared with POka. Our in vitro system recapitulates both VZV latency and reactivation in vivo and may be used to study viral vaccines for their ability to establish latency and reactivate.
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