ArticlePloS one2016
Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Host Gene Expression Associated with Non-Research square · 2026Article
- Social, microbial, and immune factors linking bacterial vaginosis and infectious diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Prospects for γδ T cells and chimeric antigen receptor γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pregnancy enhances antiviral immunity independent of type I IFN but dependent on IL-17-producing γδScience advances · 2024Article
- Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the female reproductive tract: active participants or indifferent bystanders in reproductive success?Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- Double-edged sword: γδ T cells in mucosal homeostasis and disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiota: Friends and Foe.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interactions between microbiota and cervical epithelial, immune, and mucus barrier.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- A Syndemic Approach to Explore Factors Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Article
- (Not) Home alone: Antigen presenting cell - T Cell communication in barrier tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Role of Vγ9vδ2 T lymphocytes in infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immune responses in the human female reproductive tract.Immunology · 2020Review
- Activation of Toll-Like Receptors Differentially Modulates Inflammation in the Human Reproductive Tract: Preliminary Findings.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Impact of Standard Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment on the Genital Microbiota, Immune Milieu, and Ex Vivo Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Observational
- Shenfu injection prolongs survival and protects the intestinal mucosa in rats with sepsis by modulating immune response.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Interplay among Vaginal Microbiome, Immune Response and Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.International immunopharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common female reproductive tract infection and is associated with an increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV by a mechanism that is not well understood. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system, are present in the female reproductive tract, and play an important role in epithelial barrier protection. GD1 cells predominate in the mucosal tissue and are important in maintaining mucosal integrity. GD2 cells predominate in peripheral blood and play a role in humoral immunity and in the immune response to pathogens. HIV infection is associated with changes in GD T cells frequencies in the periphery and in the female reproductive tract. The objective of this study is to evaluate if changes in vaginal flora occurring with BV are associated with changes in endocervical GD T cell responses, which could account for increased susceptibility to HIV. Seventeen HIV-infected (HIV+) and 17 HIV-uninfected (HIV-) pre-menopausal women underwent collection of vaginal swabs and endocervical cytobrushes. Vaginal flora was assessed using the Nugent score. GD T cells were assessed in cytobrush samples by flow cytometry. Median Nugent score was 5.0 and 41% of women had abnormal vaginal flora. In HIV uninfected women there was a negative correlation between Nugent score and cervical GD1 T cells (b for interaction = - 0.176, p<0.01); cervical GD1 T cells were higher in women with normal vaginal flora than in those with abnormal flora (45.00% vs 9.95%, p = 0.005); and cervical GD2 T cells were higher in women with abnormal flora than in those with normal flora (1.70% vs 0.35%, p = 0.023). GD T cells in the genital tract are protective (GD1) and are targets for HIV entry (GD2). The decrease in cervical GD1 and increase in GD2 T cells among women with abnormal vaginal flora predisposes women with BV to HIV acquisition. We propose to use GD T cell as markers of female genital tract vulnerability to HIV.
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