Trial reportAmerican journal of public health2016
Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly.
Trial report in American journal of public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Dietary Patterns on Migraine Management: Mechanisms of Action and Recent Literature Insights.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- High sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease. From the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (August 2016 to March 2017).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Pooled it
- The effect of salt substitution on frequency and severity of headache: results from the SSaSS cluster-randomised controlled trial of 20,995 participants.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Benchmark evaluation of large language models for clinical decision support in headache management.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Association between dietary potassium intake and severe headache or migraine in US adults: a population-based analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Is there an association between a plant-based eating pattern and clinical findings of a migraine headache?Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Non-Specific Low Back Pain, Dietary Salt Intake, and Posterior Lumbar Subcutaneous Edema.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The potential impact of nutritional intake on symptoms severity in patients with comorbid migraine and irritable bowel syndrome.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Severe headache trajectory following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the association with lower sodium levels.Brain injury · 2022Article
- Sodium Chloride, Migraine and Salt Withdrawal: Controversy and Insights.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Breakthroughs on the clinical management of headache and questions that need to be solved.Ibrain · 2021Review
- Migraine and Diet.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Association of diet and headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2019Review
- The Hypertensive Headache: a Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the effect of sodium (Na) reduction on occurrence of headaches.
methodsIn the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly, 975 men and woman (aged 60-80 years) with hypertension were randomized to a Na-reduction intervention or control group and were followed for up to 36 months. The study was conducted between 1992 and 1995 at 4 clinical centers (Johns Hopkins University, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and the University of Tennessee).
resultsMean difference in Na excretion between the Na-reduction intervention and control group was significant at each follow-up visit (P < .001) with an average difference of 38.8 millimoles per 24 hours. The occurrence of headaches was significantly lower in the Na-reduction intervention group (10.5%) compared with control (14.3%) with a hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% confidence interval = 0.40, 0.88; P = .009). The risk of headaches was significantly associated with average level of Na excretion during follow-up, independent of most recent blood pressure. The relationship appeared to be nonlinear with a spline relationship and a knot at 150 millimoles per 24 hours.
conclusionsReduced sodium intake, currently recommended for blood pressure control, may also reduce the occurrence of headaches in older persons with hypertension.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.