ArticleAmerican journal of public health2016
Cumulative Effect of Racial Discrimination on the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom.
Article in American journal of public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Ethnic inequalities in the incidence of diagnosis of severe mental illness in England: a systematic review and new meta-analyses for non-affective and affective psychoses.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of ethnic minority women's experiences of perinatal mental health conditions and services in Europe.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Discrimination experiences are associated with same-day and next-day smoking among adults with low socio-economic status trying to quit: A secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Respecting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Pluralism and Human Rights in Civil Society.Transcultural psychiatry · 2026Article
- Key Dimensions of Culturally Competent Mental Health Care for Roma and Traveller Populations: A Rapid Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Engaging in a dialogue with the Luton Roma community on access to healthcare services and co-producing solutions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Treating depression in Muslim communities: Meta-analysis of three trials of culturally adapted behavioural activation for Muslims (BA-M).Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- The associations between PTSD symptoms, intolerance of uncertainty and personal growth initiative in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: undirected and Bayesian network analyses.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- COVID-19-Related and general racial discrimination and mental health in Asian Americans.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the influence of loneliness on cognitive decline: differential effects in Black and White older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Immigrant and Racialized Populations' Cumulative Exposure to Discrimination and Associations with Long-Term Conditions During COVID-19: A Nationwide Large-Scale Study in Canada.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Ethnic Density and Mental Health: Does it Matter Whether the Ethnic Density is Co-ethnic or Multi-ethnic and How Important is Change in Ethnic Density?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Associations Between Experiences of Racial Discrimination Across the Life Course and Mental Health: Exploring Direct and Indirect Pathways.Sociology of health & illness · 2025Article
- Exploring the Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Associated With Bullying Victimization: The Intersection of Gender and Family Support.Journal of adolescence · 2025Article
- The association between experiences of racism and mental health on children and young people in the UK: rapid scoping review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- Exploring the impact of 'hostile environment' policies on psychological distress of ethnic groups in the UK: a differences-in-differences analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic Variations in the Association Between Financial Strain and Well-Being: Evidence from the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Survey.Applied research in quality of life · 2025Article
- Microaggressions and Cultural Ruptures in Psychiatry: Extending Multicultural Counseling Orientation to Psychiatric Services.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2025Review
- Racial and ethnic socioenvironmental inequity and neuroimaging in psychiatry: a brief review of the past and recommendations for the future.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to racial discrimination and changes in the mental health of ethnic minority people.
methodsWe used data from 4 waves (2009-2013) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal household panel survey of approximately 40 000 households, including an ethnic minority boost sample of approximately 4000 households.
resultsEthnic minority people who reported exposure to racial discrimination at 1 time point had 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) mental component scores 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.31, -0.56) points lower than did those who reported no exposure to racial discrimination, whereas those who had been exposed to 2 or more domains of racial discrimination, at 2 different time points, had SF-12 mental component scores 8.26 (95% CI = -13.33, -3.18) points lower than did those who reported no experiences of racial discrimination. Controlling for racial discrimination and other socioeconomic factors reduced ethnic inequalities in mental health.
conclusionsCumulative exposure to racial discrimination has incremental negative long-term effects on the mental health of ethnic minority people in the United Kingdom. Studies that examine exposure to racial discrimination at 1 point in time may underestimate the contribution of racism to poor health.
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