ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2016
HIV virological failure and drug resistance in a cohort of Tanzanian HIV-infected adults.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- HIV/AIDS treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopia: meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of and Time to Suboptimal Treatment Patterns Among People with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2026Observational
- Prevalence and factors associated with drug resistance mutations among HIV - 1 patients failing to achieve virological suppression on second line treatment in Tanzania.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Statistical methods for cost-effectiveness analysis of left-truncated and right-censored survival data with treatment delays.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2025Article
- Magnitude and factors associated with virological failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective chart review.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Virological treatment failure and associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in West Hararghe, Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Treatment Management Challenges in Naïve and Experienced HIV-1-Infected Individuals Carrying the M184V Mutation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Virological Outcomes Among Pregnant Women Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment in the Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Primary resistance against integrase strand transfer inhibitors in integrase strand transfer inhibitor-naive patients failing first- and second-line ART in Tanzania.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Virologic failure in people living with HIV in 1st line ART: A 10-year Mexican population-based study.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Article
- Prevalence and patterns of HIV drug resistance in patients with suspected virological failure in North-Western Tanzania.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
- First line antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV in northwest Ethiopia.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Incidence and predictors of virological failure among adult HIV patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Amhara regional referral hospitals; Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- HIV programmatic outcomes following implementation of the 'Treat-All' policy in a public sector setting in Eswatini: a prospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- High failure rates of protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania - A prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2020Observational
- Patterns of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and predictors of virological failure in Moshi, Northern Tanzania.PloS one · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral concentration measurements as an additional tool to manage virologic failure in resource limited settings: a case control study.AIDS research and therapy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThere are few data on ART failure rates and drug resistance from Tanzania, where there is a wide diversity of non-B HIV subtypes. We assessed rates and predictors of virological failure in HIV-infected Tanzanians and describe drug resistance patterns in a subgroup of these patients.
methodsART-naive, HIV-1-infected adults enrolled in a randomized controlled trial between November 2006 and 2008 and on ≥24 weeks of first-line NNRTI-containing ART were included. Population-based genotyping of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase was performed on stored plasma from patients with virological failure (viral load >1000 copies/mL at ≥24 weeks of ART) and at baseline, where available.
resultsA total of 2403 patients [median (IQR) age 37 (32-43) years; 70% female] were studied. The median (IQR) baseline CD4+ T cell count was 128 (62-190) cells/μL. Predominant HIV subtypes were A, C and D (92.2%). The overall rate of virological failure was 14.9% (95% CI 13.2%-16.1%). In adjusted analyses, significant predictors of virological failure were lower CD4+ T cell count (P = 0.01) and non-adherence to ART (P < 0.01). Drug resistance mutations were present in 87/115 samples (75.7%); the most common were M184V/I (52.2%) and K103N (35%). Thymidine analogue mutations were uncommon (5.2%). The prevalence of mutations in 45 samples pre-ART was 22%.
conclusionsHigh levels of early ART failure and drug resistance were observed among Tanzanian HIV-1-infected adults enrolled in a well-monitored study. Initiating treatment early and ensuring optimal adherence are vital for the success and durability of first-line ART in these settings.
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