ArticleBiophysical journal2016
Cholesterol Increases the Openness of SNARE-Mediated Flickering Fusion Pores.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fusion Pores as Regulators of Quantal Size and Cellular Physiology.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Vesicle docking and fusion pore modulation by the neuronal calcium sensor Synaptotagmin-1.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Associations between metabolic disorders and Sjögren's disease.The Japanese dental science review · 2024Review
- Vesicle docking and fusion pore modulation by the neuronal calcium sensor Synaptotagmin-1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of SNARE proteins in membrane fusion.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Breaking free: endocytosis and endosomal escape of extracellular vesicles.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Review
- Measuring single-virus fusion kinetics using an assay for nucleic acid exposure.Biophysical journal · 2022Article
- Drunken lipid membranes, not drunken SNARE proteins, promote fusion in a model of neurotransmitter release.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Altered Cholesterol Homeostasis in Huntington's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Single-virus content-mixing assay reveals cholesterol-enhanced influenza membrane fusion efficiency.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- Liposome fusion with orthogonal coiled coil peptides as fusogens: the efficacy of roleplaying peptides.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Using single-vesicle technologies to unravel the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles.Nature protocols · 2021Review
- FisB relies on homo-oligomerization and lipid binding to catalyze membrane fission in bacteria.PLoS biology · 2021Article
- Cholesterol stabilizes recombinant exocytic fusion pores by altering membrane bending rigidity.Biophysical journal · 2021Article
- Sorting sub-150-nm liposomes of distinct sizes by DNA-brick-assisted centrifugation.Nature chemistry · 2021Article
- How proteins open fusion pores: insights from molecular simulations.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2021Review
- In vitro single vesicle fusion assays based on pore-spanning membranes: merits and drawbacks.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2021Review
- Optimal Detection of Fusion Pore Dynamics Using Polarized Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Proteomics Study Reveals the Anti-Depressive Mechanisms and the Compatibility Advantage of Chaihu-Shugan-San in a Rat Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Flickering of fusion pores during exocytotic release of hormones and neurotransmitters is well documented, but without assays that use biochemically defined components and measure single-pore dynamics, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to quantify fusion-pore dynamics in vitro and to separate the roles of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and lipid bilayer properties. When small unilamellar vesicles bearing neuronal v-SNAREs fused with planar bilayers reconstituted with cognate t-SNARES, lipid and soluble cargo transfer rates were severely reduced, suggesting that pores flickered. From the lipid release times we computed pore openness, the fraction of time the pore is open, which increased dramatically with cholesterol. For most lipid compositions tested, SNARE-mediated and nonspecifically nucleated pores had similar openness, suggesting that pore flickering was controlled by lipid bilayer properties. However, with physiological cholesterol levels, SNAREs substantially increased the fraction of fully open pores and fusion was so accelerated that there was insufficient time to recruit t-SNAREs to the fusion site, consistent with t-SNAREs being preclustered by cholesterol into functional docking and fusion platforms. Our results suggest that cholesterol opens pores directly by reducing the fusion-pore bending energy, and indirectly by concentrating several SNAREs into individual fusion events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.