ArticlePloS one2016
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Non-Invasive Microwave Head Imaging System for Intracranial Haemorrhage Detection.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic Expansion of Blood Dielectric Spectra at Microwave Frequencies Using Data-Driven Methods.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna development for brain microwave imaging.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- State-Referenced Truncated SVD for Dynamic Microwave Monitoring of Intracranial Hemorrhage.Biosensors · 2026Article
- A Multi-Input Neural Network for Microwave Hemorrhagic Stroke Identification Using Multimodal Data.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Combined Use of Microwave Sensing Technologies and Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Monitoring and Imaging.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Article
- Machine learning enhanced noninvasive transcranial stroke detection using a portable eddy current damping sensor.iScience · 2025Article
- Design and optimization of miniaturized co-planar Vivaldi antennas for enhanced microwave imaging in brain hemorrhage detection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microwave Imaging System Based on Signal Analysis in a Planar Environment for Detection of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Mammography using low-frequency electromagnetic fields with deep learning.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification from Sensor-Based Portable Microwave Brain Imaging System Using Lightweight Deep Learning Models.Biosensors · 2023Article
- A Lightweight Deep Learning Based Microwave Brain Image Network Model for Brain Tumor Classification Using Reconstructed Microwave Brain (RMB) Images.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Complete Breast Cancer Detection and Monitoring System by Using Microwave Textile Based Antenna Sensors.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Microwave brain imaging system to detect brain tumor using metamaterial loaded stacked antenna array.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Validation of an RF Image System for Real-Time Tracking Neurosurgical Tools.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A deep learning model to classify and detect brain abnormalities in portable microwave based imaging system.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Medical Analysis for Intracranial Cerebral Hemorrhage Detection and Classification.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Article
- Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging for the early detection of canine intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Microwave power penetration enhancement inside an inhomogeneous human head.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Simulation-Based Methodology of Developing 3D Printed Anthropomorphic Phantoms for Microwave Imaging Systems.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An intracranial haemorrhage is a life threatening medical emergency, yet only a fraction of the patients receive treatment in time, primarily due to the transport delay in accessing diagnostic equipment in hospitals such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Computed Tomography. A mono-static microwave head imaging system that can be carried in an ambulance for the detection and localization of intracranial haemorrhage is presented. The system employs a single ultra-wideband antenna as sensing element to transmit signals in low microwave frequencies towards the head and capture backscattered signals. The compact and low-profile antenna provides stable directional radiation patterns over the operating bandwidth in both near and far-fields. Numerical analysis of the head imaging system with a realistic head model in various situations is performed to realize the scattering mechanism of haemorrhage. A modified delay-and-summation back-projection algorithm, which includes effects of surface waves and a distance-dependent effective permittivity model, is proposed for signal and image post-processing. The efficacy of the automated head imaging system is evaluated using a 3D-printed human head phantom with frequency dispersive dielectric properties including emulated haemorrhages with different sizes located at different depths. Scattered signals are acquired with a compact transceiver in a mono-static circular scanning profile. The reconstructed images demonstrate that the system is capable of detecting haemorrhages as small as 1 cm3. While quantitative analyses reveal that the quality of images gradually degrades with the increase of the haemorrhage's depth due to the reduction of signal penetration inside the head; rigorous statistical analysis suggests that substantial improvement in image quality can be obtained by increasing the data samples collected around the head. The proposed head imaging prototype along with the processing algorithm demonstrates its feasibility for potential use in ambulances as an effective and low cost diagnostic tool to assure timely triaging of intracranial hemorrhage patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.