ArticleMucosal immunology2017
Pretreatment with a heat-killed probiotic modulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and reduces the pathogenicity of influenza and enterovirus 71 infections.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of gut microbiota protects against viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of daily consumption of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 on anthropometric adiposity biomarkers in abdominally obese subjects: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2019Trial
- Evaluation of Probiotic Metabolites Mediated Antimicrobial Activity and Inhibition of Virulence Factors in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Influenza: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Emerging Evidence.Viruses · 2026Review
- Oral pretreatment withmLife · 2025Article
- Blocking CCL3-mediated neutrophil recruitment into the brain alleviates immunopathology following severe enterovirus 71 infection.iScience · 2024Article
- Modulating effects of heat-killed and liveThe veterinary quarterly · 2024Article
- Alleviating D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice by Modulating Gut-Liver Axis UsingFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Oral co-administration ofJournal of virology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Effects of yogurt containing probiotics on respiratory virus infections: Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2.Journal of dairy science · 2023Article
- Targeting influenza A virus by splicing inhibitor herboxidiene reveals the importance of subtype-specific signatures around splice sites.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Article
- Antiviral Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Probiotics as Promising Antivirals.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Effects of Multi-Bacteria Solid-State Fermented Diets with Different Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- ProbioticMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Probiotics: A potential immunomodulator in COVID-19 infection management.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 microbiome dysbiosis linked disorders and possible probiotics role.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
- Is butyrate a natural alternative to dexamethasone in the management of CoVID-19?F1000Research · 2021Review
- Heat-KilledJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Human milk and infant formula differentially alters the microbiota composition and functional gene relative abundance in the small and large intestines in weanling rats.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been proposed that inactivated probiotics may modulate the host immune system and contribute to mitigation of viral infections. This study demonstrated that administration of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis, a widely used probiotic, can protect host animals against viral infections. The influenza-mediated morbidity and lung inflammation in E. faecalis-treated mice decreased significantly compared with those of the control mice. Furthermore, we found that the protection is associated with production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The intratracheal injection of a recombinant mouse MCP-1 protein abrogated the antiviral effects elicited by pretreatment with E. faecalis. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a receptor for MCP-1, and the intraperitoneal administration of a CCR2 antagonist effectively inhibited viral pathogenicity. The reduced pathogenicity was also observed in CCR2-deficient mice. Finally, E. faecalis significantly attenuated neuropathogenicity induced by another RNA virus, enterovirus 71. This study demonstrates that killed probiotics can reduce viral disease severity and identify that the MCP-1 pathway might act as a key mediator in the improved antiviral immune response. Our findings suggest that MCP-1 and its related signaling pathway can serve as critical therapeutic targets for development of new antiviral strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.