Trial reportTobacco control2017
Snus undermines quit attempts but not abstinence: a randomised clinical trial among US smokers.
Trial report in Tobacco control, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01509586 (A Test of Short and Long Term Naturalistic Outcomes of Smokers Who Sample Smokeless Tobacco), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Test of Short and Long Term Naturalistic Outcomes of Smokers Who Sample Smokeless Tobacco
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Naturalistic, Randomized Pilot Trial of E-Cigarettes: Uptake, Exposure, and Behavioral Effects.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Trial
- Rationale, design, and protocol for a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial of adaptive treatment for smoking cessation: The ADAPT trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Oral Nicotine Product Awareness and Use Among People Who Smoke and Vape in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Reappraising Choice in Addiction: Novel Conceptualizations and Treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products for Smoking Reduction and Cessation: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Review
- Remote Methods for Conducting Tobacco-Focused Clinical Trials.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Use of Potentially Reduced Exposure Tobacco Products Among American Indian Smokeless Tobacco Users: Associations With Cessation Behaviors and Cotinine Levels.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2020Article
- Assessing likelihood of product use for snus with modified-risk information among adult current cigarette smokers, former tobacco users, and never tobacco users.Addictive behaviors reports · 2019Article
- Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco: Research Tools to Inform US Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Snus.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Review
- Perceptions of Snus Among US Adult Smokers Given Free Product.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- One-Year Smoking Trajectories Among Established Adult Smokers With Low Baseline Motivation to Quit.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Application of the Smokeless Tobacco Expectancies Questionnaire to Snus.American journal of health behavior · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObservational studies and a few clinical trials suggest that use of low nitrosamine smokeless tobacco (snus) can facilitate smoking cessation. To better understand the real-world impact of snus on smoking behaviour, a large-scale, long-term clinical trial of naturalistic snus use among smokers is needed. STUDY
designA nationwide clinical trial compared abstinence outcomes among smokers who were randomised to receive free samples of snus versus not. Participants (N=1236) were recruited throughout the US and assessed for 1 year following a 6-week naturalistic sampling period, with high retention throughout. Primary outcomes included self-reported quit attempts, floating abstinence (any 7-day period of non-smoking) and 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6 months and 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in smoking, motivation and confidence to quit and adverse events. No tobacco industry support was provided.
resultsWithin snus group, 82% used at least once, and 16% were using regularly at end of sampling period. Compared to control participants, smokers in the snus group were less likely to make any quit attempt (RR=0.83; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.00), and any 24 h quit attempt (RR=0.77; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.95). There were no group differences on any measure of abstinence.
conclusionsProvision of snus in a naturalistic context resulted in minimal uptake, and as a whole, undermined quit attempts and did not increase smoking abstinence. Results do not support the unguided, free provision of snus among smokers not motivated to quit as a means to facilitate quit attempts. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01509586, Results.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.