Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27071351›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2016

Population-based screening for cancer: hope and hype.

Yiwey Shieh, Martin Eklund, George F Sawaya, William C Black, Barnett S Kramer, Laura J Esserman

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04585243 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

HPV Self-sampling Among Women at the Penn State Hershey Colposcopy Clinics

TypeinterventionalSponsorMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterRan2020 to 2022Enrolled22ConditionsHPVArmsEvalyn Brush
NCT04591977 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

HPV Self-sampling Among Women at Penn State Hershey Well Women Appointments

TypeinterventionalSponsorMilton S. Hershey Medical CenterRan2021 to 2022Enrolled46ConditionsHPVArmsHPV Self-Sampling Kit (Evalyn Brush)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
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  13. Mechanistic Insights into Tumorigenesis from Serum Proteins.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
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  15. Review
  16. A scoping review of factors influencing the implementation of liquid biopsy for cancer care.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Yiwey ShiehDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
Martin EklundDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
George F SawayaDepartments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.
William C BlackDepartment of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
Barnett S KramerDivision of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Laura J EssermanDepartments of Surgery and Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Box 1710, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USDartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center · USKarolinska Institutet · SENational Cancer Institute · US

Funding

Using comparative effectiveness analyses to optimize cervical cancer screeningR01CA169093 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SAWAYA, GEORGE F · 2013 to 2016
$2.2M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA169093
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several important lessons have been learnt from our experiences in screening for various cancers. Screening programmes for cervical and colorectal cancers have had the greatest success, probably because these cancers are relatively homogenous, slow-growing, and have identifiable precursors that can be detected and removed; however, identifying the true obligate precursors of invasive disease remains a challenge. With regard to screening for breast cancer and for prostate cancer, which focus on early detection of invasive cancer, preferential detection of slower-growing, localized cancers has occurred, which has led to concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment; programmes for early detection of invasive lung cancers are emerging, and have faced similar challenges. A crucial consideration in screening for breast, prostate, and lung cancers is their remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from indolent to highly aggressive. Efforts have been made to address the limitations of cancer-screening programmes, providing an opportunity for cross-disciplinary learning and further advancement of the science. Current innovations are aimed at identifying the individuals who are most likely to benefit from screening, increasing the yield of consequential cancers on screening and biopsy, and using molecular tests to improve our understanding of disease biology and to tailor treatment. We discuss each of these concepts and outline a dynamic framework for continuous improvements in the field of cancer screening.

Indexed as

Age DistributionEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHealth PolicyHealth PromotionHumansIncidenceMaleMammographyMass ScreeningNeoplasmsPractice Guidelines as TopicPrecancerous ConditionsQuality ImprovementRisk Assessment

Identifiers

PMID27071351
PMCPMC6585415
OpenAlexW2340606245

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.