ArticleACS nano2016
Flow-Induced Crystallization of Collagen: A Potentially Critical Mechanism in Early Tissue Formation.
Article in ACS nano, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shear Stress as a Driver of Retinal Müller Glia Survival and Fibrotic Reprogramming.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Article
- Segmental Mechanobiology of Normal and Glaucomatous Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.ACS measurement science au · 2026Article
- Step-Ladder Bioprinting to Align Collagen Fibers for Anisotropic Tissue Fabrication.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Collagen Mechanics.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Collagen Fibril Orientation In Vitro: From Formation to Advanced Biomaterial Development.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Fibroblast integrin α11β1 is a collagen assembly receptor in mechanoregulated fibrillar adhesions.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2024Article
- Production of Nanofibrillar Patterned Collagen for Tissue Engineering.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2024Article
- Article
- Microengineering 3D Collagen Matrices with Tumor-Mimetic Gradients in Fiber Alignment.Advanced functional materials · 2024Article
- Tensile properties of freeze-cast collagen scaffolds: How processing conditions affect structure and performance in the dry and fully hydrated states.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2023Article
- Mechanochemistry of collagen.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Review
- Effect of Mechanical Microenvironment on Collagen Self-Assembly In Vitro.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Biomedical Applications of Collagen.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Local extensional flows promote long-range fiber alignment in 3D collagen hydrogels.Biofabrication · 2022Article
- Biologically enhanced starch bio-ink for promoting 3D cell growth.Advanced materials technologies · 2021Article
- Engineering fiber anisotropy within natural collagen hydrogels.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2021Review
- Microengineered 3D Collagen Gels with Independently Tunable Fiber Anisotropy and Directionality.Advanced materials technologies · 2021Article
- Tendon Extracellular Matrix Assembly, Maintenance and Dysregulation Throughout Life.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The type I collagen monomer is one of nature's most exquisite and prevalent structural tools. Its 300 nm triple-helical motifs assemble into tough extracellular fibers that transition seamlessly across tissue boundaries and exceed cell dimensions by up to 4 orders of magnitude. In spite of extensive investigation, no existing model satisfactorily explains how such continuous structures are generated and grown precisely where they are needed (aligned in the path of force) by discrete, microscale cells using materials with nanoscale dimensions. We present a simple fiber drawing experiment, which demonstrates that slightly concentrated type I collagen monomers can be "flow-crystallized" to form highly oriented, continuous, hierarchical fibers at cell-achievable strain rates (<1 s(-1)) and physiologically relevant concentrations (∼50 μM). We also show that application of tension following the drawing process maintains the structural integrity of the fibers. While mechanical tension has been shown to be a critical factor driving collagen fibril formation during tissue morphogenesis in developing animals, the precise role of force in the process of building tissue is not well understood. Our data directly couple mechanical tension, specifically the extensional strain rate, to collagen fibril assembly. We further derive a "growth equation" which predicts that application of extensional strains, either globally by developing muscles or locally by fibroblasts, can rapidly drive the fusion of already formed short fibrils to produce long-range, continuous fibers. The results provide a pathway to scalable connective tissue manufacturing and support a mechano-biological model of collagen fibril deposition and growth in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.