ReviewBritish journal of cancer2016
Hypoxia-activated prodrugs: paths forward in the era of personalised medicine.
Review in British journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design strategies for chemical-stimuli-responsive programmable nanotherapeutics.Drug discovery today · 2019Pooled it
- Evofosfamide for the treatment of human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.JCI insight · 2018Trial
- Tumour hypoxia in clinical oncology: imaging, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2027Review
- Article
- In Situ Gelling of TPZ-Loaded Nanogel for Sustained Intratumoral Delivery and Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Making Prodrugs Stick Around: Engineering Protease-Activated Tumor Retention.ACS central science · 2026Article
- Understanding the Interplay Between Obesity and Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Therapeutic embolic agents for targeted drug delivery in transcatheter therapies: a review.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment Targeting: Opportunities and Challenges for Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Deficiencies in the Fanconi anemia or homologous recombination pathway enhance the antitumor effects of the hypoxia-activated prodrug CP-506.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- The Evolving Landscape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy: From Conventional Modalities to TME-Responsive Prodrug Design Strategies.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Next Generation DNA Damage Response Inhibitors: Harnessing Nanocarriers and Tumor Microenvironment for Precision Cancer Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- PISTOL MRI allows noninvasive assessment of changes in tumor oxygenation post hypoxia targeted therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- ROS homeostasis in cell fate, pathophysiology, and therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Development of Pro-PROTAC for Selective Protein Degradation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Hypoxia with Bioreductively Activatable Prodrug Conjugates Derived from Dihydronaphthalene, Benzosuberene, and Indole-based Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- (Oxidopyridyl)Porphyrins of Different Lipophilicity: Photophysical Properties, ROS Production and Phototoxicity on Melanoma Cells Under CoClAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Engineering TME-gated inducible CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia has been pursued as a cancer drug target for over 30 years, most notably using bioreductive (hypoxia-activated) prodrugs that target antineoplastic agents to low-oxygen tumour compartments. Despite compelling evidence linking hypoxia with treatment resistance and adverse prognosis, a number of such prodrugs have recently failed to demonstrate efficacy in pivotal clinical trials; an outcome that demands reflection on the discovery and development of these compounds. In this review, we discuss a clear disconnect between the pathobiology of tumour hypoxia, the pharmacology of hypoxia-activated prodrugs and the manner in which they have been taken into clinical development. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs have been evaluated in the manner of broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents, yet a growing body of evidence suggests that their activity is likely to be dependent on the coincidence of tumour hypoxia, expression of specific prodrug-activating reductases and intrinsic sensitivity of malignant clones to the cytotoxic effector. Hypoxia itself is highly variable between and within individual tumours and is not treatment-limiting in all cancer subtypes. Defining predictive biomarkers for hypoxia-activated prodrugs and overcoming the technical challenges of assaying them in clinical settings will be essential to deploying these agents in the era of personalised cancer medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.