ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
ToxR Antagonizes H-NS Regulation of Horizontally Acquired Genes to Drive Host Colonization.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modular small RNA drives the emergence of virulence traits and environmental trade-offs in Vibrio cholerae.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Host Factor Induced Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Promote Horizontal Gene Transfer in Vibrio cholerae.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Uncommon Pathogens in Common Presentations: Genetic Profiling and Virulence Determinants ofInfectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Antibacterial microcins are ubiquitous and functionally diverse across bacterial communities.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Insights on the regulation and function of the CRISPR/Cas transposition system located in the pathogenicity island VpaI-7 fromInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Antibacterial action, proteolytic immunity, and in vivo activity of a Vibrio cholerae microcin.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Nucleoid-associated proteins shape the global protein occupancy and transcriptional landscape of a clinical isolate ofmSphere · 2024Article
- ToxR activates theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Attenuation of a DNA cruciform by a conserved regulator directs T3SS1 mediated virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Cross-Platform Transcriptomic Data Integration, Profiling, and Mining inMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Transmembrane Transcription Regulators Are Widespread in Bacteria and Archaea.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Serotype conversion geneFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Vibrio cholerae RND efflux systems: mediators of stress responses, colonization and pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- ToxT Regulon Is Nonessential for Vibrio cholerae Colonization in Adult Mice.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Independent Promoter Recognition by TcpP Precedes Cooperative Promoter Activation by TcpP and ToxR.mBio · 2021Article
- H-NS-like proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa coordinately silence intragenic transcription.Molecular microbiology · 2021Article
- TsrA Regulates Virulence and Intestinal Colonization inmSphere · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The virulence regulator ToxR initiates and coordinates gene expression needed by Vibrio cholerae to colonize the small intestine and cause disease. Despite its prominence in V. cholerae virulence, our understanding of the direct ToxR regulon is limited to four genes: toxT, ompT, ompU and ctxA. Here, we determine ToxR's genome-wide DNA-binding profile and demonstrate that ToxR is a global regulator of both progenitor genome-encoded genes and horizontally acquired islands that encode V. cholerae's major virulence factors and define pandemic lineages. We show that ToxR shares more than a third of its regulon with the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein H-NS, and antagonizes H-NS binding at shared binding locations. Importantly, we demonstrate that this regulatory interaction is the critical function of ToxR in V. cholerae colonization and biofilm formation. In the absence of H-NS, ToxR is no longer required for V. cholerae to colonize the infant mouse intestine or for robust biofilm formation. We further illustrate a dramatic difference in regulatory scope between ToxR and other prominent virulence regulators, despite similar predicted requirements for DNA binding. Our results suggest that factors in addition to primary DNA structure influence the ability of ToxR to recognize its target promoters.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.