ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
HIV-1 and M-PMV RNA Nuclear Export Elements Program Viral Genomes for Distinct Cytoplasmic Trafficking Behaviors.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcription start site heterogeneity controls MDA5 sensing of unspliced HIV-1 RNAs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Molecular arms races at the virus-host splicing interface and their pathogenic implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- RBM15 affects mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage by promoting E2F1 nuclear translocation via NXF1.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- 5' cap sequestration is required for sensing of unspliced HIV-1 RNA by MDA5.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Imaging Retroviral RNA Genome Heterodimers Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC).Viruses · 2025Article
- HIV-1 single-transcription start-site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Single-cell delineation of strain-specific HIV-1 Vif activities using dual reporter sensor cells and live cell imaging.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 single transcription start site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the DHX15-G-patch interplay in retroviral RNA packaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- HIV-1 Gag co-localizes with euchromatin histone marks at the nuclear periphery.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- The RRE-Rev Module Has No Effect on the Packaging Efficiency of Cas9 and Gag Proteins into NanoMEDIC Virus-like Particles.Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.Viruses · 2022Review
- Review
- Perturbing HIV-1 Ribosomal Frameshifting Frequency Reveals aJournal of virology · 2022Article
- Visualizing Influenza A Virus vRNA Replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviruses encode cis-acting RNA nuclear export elements that override nuclear retention of intron-containing viral mRNAs including the full-length, unspliced genomic RNAs (gRNAs) packaged into assembling virions. The HIV-1 Rev-response element (RRE) recruits the cellular nuclear export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin-1/XPO1) using the viral protein Rev, while simple retroviruses encode constitutive transport elements (CTEs) that directly recruit components of the NXF1(Tap)/NXT1(p15) mRNA nuclear export machinery. How gRNA nuclear export is linked to trafficking machineries in the cytoplasm upstream of virus particle assembly is unknown. Here we used long-term (>24 h), multicolor live cell imaging to directly visualize HIV-1 gRNA nuclear export, translation, cytoplasmic trafficking, and virus particle production in single cells. We show that the HIV-1 RRE regulates unique, en masse, Rev- and CRM1-dependent "burst-like" transitions of mRNAs from the nucleus to flood the cytoplasm in a non-localized fashion. By contrast, the CTE derived from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) links gRNAs to microtubules in the cytoplasm, driving them to cluster markedly to the centrosome that forms the pericentriolar core of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Adding each export element to selected heterologous mRNAs was sufficient to confer each distinct export behavior, as was directing Rev/CRM1 or NXF1/NXT1 transport modules to mRNAs using a site-specific RNA tethering strategy. Moreover, multiple CTEs per transcript enhanced MTOC targeting, suggesting that a cooperative mechanism links NXF1/NXT1 to microtubules. Combined, these results reveal striking, unexpected features of retroviral gRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport and demonstrate roles for mRNA export elements that extend beyond nuclear pores to impact gRNA distribution in the cytoplasm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.