ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
HIV Transmission Risk Persists During the First 6 Months of Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Different Levels of Suppressed Viral Load and the Risk of Sexual Transmission of HIV Among Serodiscordant Couples on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- The risk of sexual transmission of HIV in individuals with low-level HIV viraemia: a systematic review.Lancet (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus with antiretroviral therapy, suppressed viral load and condom use: a systematic review.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2018Pooled it
- Decay kinetics of HIV-1-RNA in seminal plasma with dolutegravir/lamivudine versus dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive people living with HIV.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Trial
- Economic and epidemiological evaluation of text message-based interventions in patients with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2020Trial
- Impact of early antiretroviral treatment on sexual behaviour: a randomised comparison.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Virologic outcomes in early antiretroviral treatment: HPTN 052.HIV clinical trials · 2017Trial
- HIV viral kinetics and T cell dynamics in antiretroviral naïve persons starting an integrase strand transfer inhibitor and protease inhibitor regimen.HIV clinical trials · 2017Trial
- Treatment as Prevention: Characterization of Partner Infections in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Geospatial and multilevel analysis of lifetime HIV testing uptake among high-risk adults in Mozambique: evidence from the 2022-2023 DHS.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of achieving cascade equality in Eswatini: a modeling study on the prevention impacts of antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- HIV low-level viraemia: considerations for prevention and treatment in an era of highly effective and durable antiretroviral therapy regimens.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Factors associated with awareness of and willingness to use PrEP among stable, heterosexual HIV-serodifferent couples in seven African countries, 2019-2022.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Frequent Viral Load Testing Plus Additional Interventions to Prevent HIV Transmission in Heterosexual, Serodiscordant Couples - Yunnan Province, China, 2019-2021.China CDC weekly · 2024Article
- Development of Anti-HIV Therapeutics: From Conventional Drug Discovery to Cutting-Edge Technology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prospective pilot study on the relationship between seminal HIV-1 shedding and genital schistosomiasis in men receiving antiretroviral therapy along Lake Malawi.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult people living with HIV initiated during the COVID-19 epidemic waves - observations at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- PrEP uptake and HIV viral suppression when PrEP is integrated into Ugandan ART clinics for HIV-negative members of HIV-serodifferent couples: A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Adherence to viral load testing guidelines, barriers, and associated factors among persons living with HIV on ART in Southwestern Uganda: a mixed-methods study.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCombination antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreases the risk of sexual HIV transmission by suppressing blood and genital HIV RNA concentrations. We sought to determine HIV transmission risk prior to achieving complete viral suppression.
designProspective cohort study.
methodsUsing data from the Partners PrEP Study, a prospective study of 4747 heterosexual HIV-serodiscordant couples in Kenya and Uganda, we examined multiple markers of HIV transmission risk during the first months after ART initiation: time to viral suppression in blood, persistence of HIV RNA in genital specimens, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy incidence, and HIV transmission using survival analysis and generalized estimating equations logistic regression.
resultsThe cumulative probabilities of achieving blood viral suppression (<80 copies per milliliter) 3, 6, and 9 months after ART initiation were 65.3%, 84.8%, and 89.1%, respectively. Endocervical and seminal HIV RNA were detectable in 12% and 21% of samples obtained within 6 months of ART. Pregnancy incidence was 8.8 per 100 person-years during the first 6 months of ART, and sex unprotected by condoms was reported at 10.5% of visits. Among initially uninfected partners, HIV incidence before ART was 2.08 per 100 person-years (55 infections; 2644 person-years), 1.79 for 0-6 months after ART initiation (3 infections; 168 person-years), and 0.00 with >6 months of ART (0 infections; 167 person-years).
conclusionsResidual HIV transmission risk persists during the first 6 months of ART, with incomplete viral suppression in blood and genital compartments. For HIV-serodiscordant couples in which the infected partner starts ART, other prevention options are needed, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, until viral suppression is achieved.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.