ArticleJournal of obesity2016
Unhealthy Phenotype as Indicated by Salivary Biomarkers: Glucose, Insulin, VEGF-A, and IL-12p70 in Obese Kuwaiti Adolescents.
Article in Journal of obesity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial dysbiosis in oral cavity determines obesity status in adolescents.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Exploring Salivary Biomarkers in Pediatric Obesity: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Salivary phosphate as a biomarker for human diseases.FASEB bioAdvances · 2022Article
- Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Insulin Resistance: Preclinical Studies in an Animal Model.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Caveolin-1 Variant Is Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome in Kuwaiti Children.Frontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- Saliva diagnostics - Current views and directions.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2017Review
- Associations of Salivary BPIFA1 Protein in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of endocrinology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveHere, we investigated the relationships between obesity and the salivary concentrations of insulin, glucose, and 20 metabolic biomarkers in Kuwaiti adolescents. Previously, we have shown that certain salivary metabolic markers can act as surrogates for blood concentrations.
methodsSalivary samples of whole saliva were collected from 8,317 adolescents. Salivary glucose concentration was measured by a high-sensitivity glucose oxidase method implemented on a robotic chemical analyzer. The concentration of salivary insulin and 20 other metabolic biomarkers was assayed in 744 randomly selected saliva samples by multiplexed bead-based immunoassay.
resultsObesity was seen in 26.5% of the adolescents. Salivary insulin predicting hyperinsulinemia occurred in 4.3% of normal-weight adolescents, 8.3% of overweight adolescents, and 25.7% of obese adolescents (p < 0.0001). Salivary glucose predicting hyperglycemia was found in only 3% of obese children and was not predictive (p = 0.89). Elevated salivary glucose and insulin occurring together was associated with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced salivary interleukin-12.
conclusionConsidering the surrogate nature of salivary insulin and glucose, this study suggests that elevated insulin may be a dominant sign of metabolic disease in adolescent populations. It also appears that a proangiogenic environment may accompany elevated glucose in obese adolescents.
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