ReviewJournal of medical and biological engineering
The Three Laws of Neurorobotics: A Review on What Neurorehabilitation Robots Should Do for Patients and Clinicians.
Review in Journal of medical and biological engineering. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Use of Robotic Devices for Gait Training in Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: Current State of the Art.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Indexes for motor performance assessment in job integration/reintegration of people with neuromuscular disorders: A systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Robotic Assisted Gait Training With Lokomat® on Balance Control After Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Simulation study on prescribed-time stabilization of 5-DOF exoskeletons using a regularized super-twisting approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of the application of a digitalized repository on the quality of graduate and post-graduate education in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Robot- and Technology-Boosting Neuroplasticity-Dependent Motor-Cognitive Functional Recovery: Looking towards the Future of Neurorehabilitation.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Technology Assisted Rehabilitation Patient Perception Questionnaire (TARPP-Q): development and implementation of an instrument to evaluate patients' perception during training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- When neuro-robots go wrong: A review.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2023Review
- After 55 Years of Neurorehabilitation, What Is the Plan?Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Ethics and Automated Systems in the Health Domain: Design and Submission of a Survey on Rehabilitation and Assistance Robotics to Collect Insiders' Opinions and Perception.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Semi-Remote Gait Assistance Interface: A Joystick with Visual Feedback Capabilities for Therapists.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Intelligent Robotics Incorporating Machine Learning Algorithms for Improving Functional Capacity Evaluation and Occupational Rehabilitation.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2020Review
- Return to Work and Quality of Life after Stroke in Italy: A Study on the Efficacy of Technologically Assisted Neurorehabilitation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Critical Issues and Imminent Challenges in the Use of sEMG in Return-To-Work Rehabilitation of Patients Affected by Neurological Disorders in the Epoch of Human-Robot Collaborative Technologies.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Gait Rehabilitation Following Neurological Disorders: Are Robotic Devices the Future?Innovations in clinical neuroscience · 2018Article
- Domestic Use of the Exoskeleton for Gait Training in Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries: Ethical Dilemmas in Clinical Practice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- An Adaptive and Hybrid End-Point/Joint Impedance Controller for Lower Limb Exoskeletons.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2018Article
- A Review of Robotics in Neurorehabilitation: Towards an Automated Process for Upper Limb.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2018Review
- Motor and psychosocial impact of robot-assisted gait training in a real-world rehabilitation setting: A pilot study.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most studies and reviews on robots for neurorehabilitation focus on their effectiveness. These studies often report inconsistent results. This and many other reasons limit the credit given to these robots by therapists and patients. Further, neurorehabilitation is often still based on therapists' expertise, with competition among different schools of thought, generating substantial uncertainty about what exactly a neurorehabilitation robot should do. Little attention has been given to ethics. This review adopts a new approach, inspired by Asimov's three laws of robotics and based on the most recent studies in neurorobotics, for proposing new guidelines for designing and using robots for neurorehabilitation. We propose three laws of neurorobotics based on the ethical need for safe and effective robots, the redefinition of their role as therapist helpers, and the need for clear and transparent human-machine interfaces. These laws may allow engineers and clinicians to work closely together on a new generation of neurorobots.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.