ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2016
Thyroid follicle development requires Smad1/5- and endothelial cell-dependent basement membrane assembly.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of Nrf2 in thyroid maturation and hormone synthesis in vertebrate models.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Resolving thyroid lineage cell trajectories merging into a dual endocrine gland in mammals.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Potential Candidate Genes Associated with Litter Size in Goats: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid Affects Thyroid Follicles in Common Carp (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Identification and implication of tissue-enriched ligands in epithelial-endothelial crosstalk during pancreas development.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- BRAFBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on the Association between Hemoglobin A1c and Reduced Renal Function: A Prospective Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sox9 is involved in the thyroid differentiation program and is regulated by crosstalk between TSH, TGFβ and thyroid transcription factors.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Tissue architecture delineates field cancerization in BRAFV600E-induced tumor development.Disease models & mechanisms · 2022Article
- Endocrine Regulation on Bone by Thyroid.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- XB130 Deficiency Causes Congenital Hypothyroidism in Mice due to Disorganized Apical Membrane Structure and Function of Thyrocytes.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2021Article
- Upregulation of GBP1 in thyroid primordium is required for developmental thyroid morphogenesis.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2021Article
- Derivation of Thyroid Follicular Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells: Insights From Development and Implications for Regenerative Medicine.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules in Thyroid Differentiation and Function, From Embryos to Adults.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Heterogeneity and Dynamics of Vasculature in the Endocrine System During Aging and Disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Modelling of Epithelial Growth, Fission and Lumen Formation During Embryonic Thyroid Development: A Combination of Computational and Experimental Approaches.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Transcriptomic Signature of Human Embryonic Thyroid Reveals Transition From Differentiation to Functional Maturation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Asynchrony of Apical Polarization, Luminogenesis, and Functional Differentiation in the Developing Thyroid Gland.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Thyroid follicles, the functional units of the thyroid gland, are delineated by a monolayer of thyrocytes resting on a continuous basement membrane. The developmental mechanisms of folliculogenesis, whereby follicles are formed by the reorganization of a non-structured mass of non-polarized epithelial cells, are largely unknown. Here we show that assembly of the epithelial basement membrane is crucial for folliculogenesis and is controlled by endothelial cell invasion and by BMP-Smad signaling in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific Smad1 and Smad5 double-knockout (Smad1/5(dKO)) mice displayed growth retardation, hypothyroidism and defective follicular architecture. In Smad1/5(dKO) embryonic thyroids, epithelial cells remained associated in large clusters and formed small follicles. Although similar follicular defects are found in Vegfa knockout (Vegfa(KO)) thyroids, Smad1/5(dKO) thyroids had normal endothelial cell density yet impaired endothelial differentiation. Interestingly, both Vegfa(KO) and Smad1/5(dKO) thyroids displayed impaired basement membrane assembly. Furthermore, conditioned medium (CM) from embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) rescued the folliculogenesis defects of both Smad1/5(dKO) and Vegfa(KO) thyroids. Laminin α1, β1 and γ1, abundantly released by eEPCs into CM, were crucial for folliculogenesis. Thus, epithelial Smad signaling and endothelial cell invasion promote folliculogenesis via assembly of the basement membrane.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.