Trial reportScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2016
Are two or four hands needed for elderly female bystanders to achieve the required chest compression depth during dispatcher-assisted CPR: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Leg-foot chest compressions: a scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
- Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Optimizing dispatcher-bystander dyadic collaboration in emergency medical communication to improve cardiac arrest response.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a newly developed first aid training programme adapted for older people.BMC emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Tailoring First Aid Courses to Older Adults Participants.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRescuers are often unable to achieve the recommended 5-6 cm CC depth. The physical limitations of elderly bystanders may affect the quality of CC; thus, we investigated new strategies to improve CC performance.
methodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial in December 2013. Sixty-eight lay rescuers aged 50-75 were randomized to intervention or control pairs (males and females separately). Each pair performed 8 min of DA-CPR on a manikin connected to a PC. Each participant in every pair took turns performing CCs in cycles of 2 min and switched as advised by the dispatcher. In the middle of every 2-min cycle, the dispatcher asked the participants of the intervention group to perform the Andrew's manoeuvre (to push on the shoulders of the person while he/she performed CCs to achieve deeper CC). Data on the quality of the CCs were analysed for each participant and pair.
resultsThe CC depth in the intervention group increased by 6.4 mm (p = 0.002) compared to the control group (54.2 vs. 47.8 mm) due to a significant difference in the female group. The CC depth in the female intervention and control groups was 51.5 and 44.9 mm. DISCUSSION: The largest group of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurred in males over the age of 60 at home, and accordingly, the most likely witness, if any, is the spouse or family member, most frequently an older woman. There is a growing body of evidence that female rescuers are frequently unable to achieve sufficient CC depth compared to male rescuers. In some instances, the adequate depth of the CCs could only be reached using four hands, with the second pair of hands placed on the shoulders of the rescuer performing CPR.
conclusionAndrew's manoeuvre (four-hands CC) during the simulated DA-CPR significantly improved the performance of elderly female rescuers and helped them to achieve the recommended CC depth.
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