Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27067601›Full record

ArticleMolecular cell2016

Enhancer Regulation of Transcriptional Bursting Parameters Revealed by Forced Chromatin Looping.

Caroline R Bartman, Sarah C Hsu, Chris C-S Hsiung, Arjun Raj, Gerd A Blobel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 223 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
223citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

223 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Exchange dynamics and kinetic control of gene regulation complexes.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. What makes genes burst.Trends in cell biology · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Mechanisms of Globin Gene Regulation in Mammals.Annual review of genetics · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Caroline R BartmanDivision of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Sarah C HsuDivision of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Chris C-S HsiungDivision of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Arjun RajDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: arjunrajlab@gmail.com.
Gerd A BlobelDivision of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: blobel@email.chop.edu.

Funding

PREDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN GENETICST32GM008216 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI EPSTEIN, DOUGLAS J · 1987 to 2023
$8.3M
Regulation of Hemoglobin SwitchingR01HL119479 · NHLBI · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI Gerd A Blobel · 2013 to 2026
$8.0M
Engineering and visualizing genome folding at high spatiotemporal resolutionU01HL129998 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BLOBEL, GERD A, PHILLIPS-CREMINS, JENNIFER ELIZABETH · 2015 to 2019
$4.2M
A Comprehensive Spatial Picture of Transcription in the NucleusDP2OD008514 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI RAJ, ARJUN · 2011 to 2011
$2.4M
Validation and development of single nucleotide variant RNA FISH in single cells in culture and tissueR33EB019767 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI RAJ, ARJUN · 2014 to 2016
$1.1M
Role of MLL1 and MLL1 leukemogenic fusions in maintaining transcriptional memoryF30CA189553 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI HSU, SARAH CHING-LAN · 2014 to 2016
$107k
NCI NIH HHS F30 CA189553NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL119479NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL129998NIBIB NIH HHS R33 EB019767NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008216NIH HHS DP2 OD008514
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammalian genes transcribe RNA not continuously, but in bursts. Transcriptional output can be modulated by altering burst fraction or burst size, but how regulatory elements control bursting parameters remains unclear. Single-molecule RNA FISH experiments revealed that the β-globin enhancer (LCR) predominantly augments transcriptional burst fraction of the β-globin gene with modest stimulation of burst size. To specifically measure the impact of long-range chromatin contacts on transcriptional bursting, we forced an LCR-β-globin promoter chromatin loop. We observed that raising contact frequencies increases burst fraction but not burst size. In cells in which two developmentally distinct LCR-regulated globin genes are cotranscribed in cis, burst sizes of both genes are comparable. However, allelic co-transcription of both genes is statistically disfavored, suggesting mutually exclusive LCR-gene contacts. These results are consistent with competition between the β-type globin genes for LCR contacts and suggest that LCR-promoter loops are formed and released with rapid kinetics.

Indexed as

Chromatin Assembly and DisassemblyEnhancer Elements, GeneticTranscriptional ActivationTranscription, GeneticAnimalsbeta-GlobinsCell LineChromatinErythroblastsErythropoiesisHumansIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceKineticsLocus Control RegionMicePrimary Cell Culturebeta-GlobinsChromatinRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID27067601
PMCPMC4842148

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.