ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2016
Morphologically Distinct Escherichia coli Bacteriophages Differ in Their Efficacy and Ability to Stimulate Cytokine Release In Vitro.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Staphylococcus aureus Sb-1 Bacteriophage Alters Frequency and Subset Distribution of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells.Allergy · 2026Article
- Large-genome phage vB_Eco_ZCEC15 targets gastrointestinal MDR E. coli: evidence from in vitro and Caco-2 cell models.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Gene modification: Exploring the potential in treating kidney diseases.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- AFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Filamentous bacteriophages: impact on prokaryotic virulence, eukaryotic immunity, and implications for phage therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal tract, its pathophysiology andWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Phage-induced protection against lethal bacterial reinfection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Bacteriophages as Potential Clinical Immune Modulators.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Effect of phage vB_EcoM_FJ1 on the reduction of ETEC O9:H9 infection in a neonatal pig cell line.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Phage Therapy as a Focused Management Strategy in Aquaculture.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms-Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Sewage and sewage-contaminated environments are the most prominent sources to isolate phages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Improving the Inhibitory Effect of Phages againstViruses · 2021Article
- A continuously changing selective context on microbial communities associated with fish, from egg to fork.Evolutionary applications · 2020Article
- Immunostimulatory Activities of Coliphages on In Vitro Activated Mammalian Macrophages.Inflammation · 2020Article
- Bacteriophage Interactions With Epithelial Cells: Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Pharmacological limitations of phage therapy.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the range and number of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria, phage therapy is currently experiencing a resurgence of interest. However, there are a number of well-known concerns over the use of phages to treat bacterial infections. In order to address concerns over safety and the poorly understood pharmacokinetics of phages and their associated cocktails, immunological characterization is required. In the current investigation, the immunogenicity of four distinct phages (taken from the main families that comprise the Caudovirales order) and their interaction with donor derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells and immortalized cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells) were investigated using standard immunological techniques. When exposed to high phage concentrations (10(9) PFU/well), cytokine driven inflammatory responses were induced from all cell types. Although phages appeared to inhibit the growth of intestinal epithelial cell lines, they also appear to be non-cytotoxic. Despite co-incubation with different cell types, phages maintained a high killing efficiency, reducing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli numbers by 1-4 log10 compared to untreated controls. When provided with a suitable bacterial host, phages were also able to actively reproduce in the presence of human cells resulting in an approximately 2 log10 increase in phage titer compared to the initial inoculum. Through an increased understanding of the complex pharmacokinetics of phages, it may be possible to address some of the safety concerns surrounding phage preparations prior to creating new therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.