ArticlePloS one2016
Behavioral Characterization of the Effects of Cannabis Smoke and Anandamide in Rats.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor compounds on memory: a meta-analysis and systematic review across species.Psychopharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of sub-chronic cannabis smoke exposure on inflammatory markers in serum and brain in younger and older mice.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Repeated Tetrahydrocannabinol Injections Induce Tolerance but Do Not Disrupt Ongoing Behaviour Upon Withdrawal in Male and Female Rats With Inflammatory Pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Involvement of Adenosine ABrain and behavior · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy for Cannabis Use Disorder: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Assessment of the associative determinants of tolerance to the effects of cannabis extract on exploratory behavior in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Effects of cannabis smoke and oral Δ9THC on cognition in young adult and aged rats.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Mecp2 promotes the anti-inflammatory effect of alpinetin via epigenetic modification crosstalk.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of acute ΔBrain research · 2024Article
- Chronic exposure to inhaled vaporized cannabis high in ΔFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Age-related differences in affective behaviors in mice: possible role of prefrontal cortical-hippocampal functional connectivity and metabolomic profiles.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- ΔDrug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- High-THCeNeuro · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Chronic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment has dose-dependent effects on open field exploratory behavior and [Life sciences · 2023Article
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase and 9-lipoxygenase modulate cotton seedling growth by ethanolamide oxylipin levels.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Chronic exposure to inhaled vaporized cannabis high in Δ9-THC alters brain structure in adult female mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Vaporized Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation in Female Sprague Dawley Rats: A Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Assessment.Current pharmaceutical design · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol following acute cannabis smoke exposure in mice; effects of sex, age, and strain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the world. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis and its effects have been well-studied. However, cannabis contains many other cannabinoids that affect brain function. Therefore, these studies investigated the effect of cannabis smoke exposure on locomotor activity, rearing, anxiety-like behavior, and the development of dependence in rats. It was also investigated if cannabis smoke exposure leads to tolerance to the locomotor-suppressant effects of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Cannabis smoke was generated by burning 5.7% Δ9-THC cannabis cigarettes in a smoking machine. The effect of cannabis smoke on the behavior of rats in a small and large open field and an elevated plus maze was evaluated. Cannabis smoke exposure induced a brief increase in locomotor activity followed by a prolonged decrease in locomotor activity and rearing in the 30-min small open field test. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor antagonist rimonabant increased locomotor activity and prevented the smoke-induced decrease in rearing. Smoke exposure also increased locomotor activity in the 5-min large open field test and the elevated plus maze test. The smoke exposed rats spent more time in the center zone of the large open field, which is indicative of a decrease in anxiety-like behavior. A high dose of anandamide decreased locomotor activity and rearing in the small open field and this was not prevented by rimonabant or pre-exposure to cannabis smoke. Serum Δ9-THC levels were 225 ng/ml after smoke exposure, which is similar to levels in humans after smoking cannabis. Exposure to cannabis smoke led to dependence as indicated by more rimonabant-precipitated somatic withdrawal signs in the cannabis smoke exposed rats than in the air-control rats. In conclusion, chronic cannabis smoke exposure in rats leads to clinically relevant Δ9-THC levels, dependence, and has a biphasic effect on locomotor activity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.