Trial reportPloS one2016
Effect and Process Evaluation of a Cluster Randomized Control Trial on Water Intake and Beverage Consumption in Preschoolers from Six European Countries: The ToyBox-Study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05140070 (Development and Implementation of an Innovative Technology for the Production New Generation Fruit and Vegetable Products Enriched With Dietary Fibre Preparation From Potato Starch With Prebiotic Properties for Children and Youth), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development and Implementation of an Innovative Technology for the Production New Generation Fruit and Vegetable Products Enriched With Dietary Fibre Preparation From Potato Starch With Prebiotic Properties for Children and Youth
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 2 to 4 years old.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing the scalability of healthy eating interventions within the early childhood education and care setting: secondary analysis of a Cochrane systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet of children aged six months to six years.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to increase the consumption of water among children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020Pooled it
- Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions for preventing obesity in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Fidelity evaluation of the Water First intervention for promoting tap water consumption in school-age children.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Pre-school-based behaviour change intervention to increase physical activity levels amongst young children: a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Effects of the DAGIS randomized controlled trial on home environment and children's food consumption according to the degree of implementation.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- The Effect of Food Vouchers and an Educational Intervention on Promoting Healthy Eating in Vulnerable Families: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Prospective BMI changes in preschool children are associated with parental characteristics and body weight perceptions: the ToyBox-study.Public health nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effects of the Preschool-Based Family-Involving DAGIS Intervention on Family Environment: A Cluster Randomised Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Combining Effect and Process Evaluation on European Preschool Children's Snacking Behavior in a Kindergarten-Based, Family-Involved Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial: The ToyBox Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Effect and process evaluation of a kindergarten-based, family-involved cluster randomised controlled trial in six European countries on four- to six-year-old children's steps per day: the ToyBox-study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Trial
- Review
- Evaluation of the Yes to Veg! Programme, a Food Systems Approach to Increase Vegetable Exposure and Agency in Pre-School Age Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- From preschool to policy: A scoping review of recommended interventions for a systems approach to improve dietary intake in early childhood.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- The role of water insecurity in influencing water and sugar-sweetened beverage choices: A scoping review.PLOS sustainability and transformation · 2025Article
- Assessing the Acceptability of a Preschool-Based Multi-Component Physical Activity Intervention Entitled "I'm an Active Hero" (IAAH): Process Evaluation of a Feasibility Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWithin the ToyBox-study, a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention was developed to prevent overweight and obesity in European preschoolers, targeting four key behaviours related to early childhood obesity, including water consumption. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the ToyBox-intervention (cluster randomized controlled trial) on water intake and beverage consumption in European preschoolers and to investigate if the intervention effects differed by implementation score of kindergartens and parents/caregivers.
methodA sample of 4964 preschoolers (4.7 ± 0.4 years; 51.5% boys) from six European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, Spain) was included in the data analyses. A standardized protocol was used and parents/caregivers filled in socio-demographic data and a food-frequency questionnaire. To assess intervention effects, multilevel repeated measures analyses were conducted for the total sample and for the six country-specific samples. Based on the process evaluation questionnaire of teachers and parents/caregivers, an implementation score was constructed. To assess differences in water intake and beverage consumption by implementation score in the total sample, multilevel repeated measures analyses were performed.
resultsLimited intervention effects on water intake from beverages and overall beverage consumption were found. However, important results were found on prepacked fruit juice consumption, with a larger decrease in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, also a decline in plain milk consumption was found. Implementation scores were rather low in both kindergartens and parents/caregivers. Nevertheless, more favorable effects on beverage choices were found in preschoolers whose parents/caregivers and kindergarten teachers had higher implementation scores compared to those with lower implementation scores.
conclusionThe ToyBox-intervention can provide the basis for the development of more tailor-made interventions. However, new strategies to improve implementation of interventions should be created.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.