Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27059843›Full record

ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2016

Enhancement of humoral immunity by the type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIb is dependent upon IL-6 and neutrophils.

Christopher J Greene, John C Hu, David J Vance, Yinghui Rong, Lorrie Mandell, Natalie King-Lyons, Patricia Masso-Welch, Nicholas J Mantis, Terry D Connell

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 98% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. EnterotoxigenicGut microbes
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher J GreeneDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;
John C HuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;
David J VanceDivision of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and.
Yinghui RongDivision of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and.
Lorrie MandellDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;
Natalie King-LyonsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;
Patricia Masso-WelchDepartment of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;
Nicholas J MantisDivision of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York nicholas.mantis@health.ny.gov.
Terry D ConnellDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA; connell@buffalo.edu.
University at Buffalo, State University of New York · USWadsworth Center · USNew York State Department of Health · US

Funding

TYPE II Enterotoxins as Mucosal ImmunomodulatorsR01DE013833 · NIDCR · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI CONNELL, TERRY D. · 2001 to 2010
$3.2M
Type II enterotoxins as mucosal immunomodulatorsR56DE013833 · NIDCR · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI CONNELL, TERRY D. · 2011 to 2011
$317k
NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE013833NIDCR NIH HHS R56 DE013833
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

LT-IIb, a type II heat-labile enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli, is a potent intradermal adjuvant that enhances immune responses to coadministered antigens. Although the immune mechanisms that promote this augmented immune response have not been well defined, prior intradermal immunization experiments suggested that early cellular and immunomodulatory events at the site of immunization modulated the augmentation of antigen-specific immune responses by LT-IIb. To investigate that hypothesis, mice were intradermally immunized with a recombinant ricin vaccine, a prospective toxin subunit antigen, in the presence and absence of LT-IIb. Analysis of tissue-fluid collection, coupled with histologic sections from the site of intradermal immunization, revealed that a single dose of LT-IIb induced local production of interleukin 6 and promoted a regional infiltration of neutrophils. The adjuvant effects of LT-IIb were abrogated in interleukin 6-deficient mice and when mice were depleted of neutrophils by pretreatment with anti-Ly6G. Overall, these data firmly demonstrated that LT-IIb, when used as an intradermal adjuvant, recruits neutrophils and is a potent rapid inducer of interleukin 6.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsAntigens, BacterialBacterial ToxinsEnterotoxinsEscherichia coli ProteinsFemaleImmunity, HumoralImmunizationInflammationInterleukin-6MiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, KnockoutNeutrophilsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntigens, BacterialBacterial ToxinsEnterotoxinsEscherichia coli Proteinsheat-labile enterotoxin, E coliInterleukin-6interleukin-6, mouseRiVaxVaccinesadjuvantinterleukin-6intradermalLys6Gvaccine

Identifiers

PMID27059843
PMCPMC4945353
OpenAlexW2326210766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.