ArticleNeurochemical research2016
Blocking Sympathetic Nervous System Reverses Partially Stroke-Induced Immunosuppression but does not Aggravate Functional Outcome After Experimental Stroke in Rats.
Article in Neurochemical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulation for stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review of mechanistic insight and emerging therapeutic strategies in animal models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond the usual suspects: rethinking post-stroke immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dual regulation of Atf3 and Lonp1 as therapeutic targets in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2025Article
- TargetingJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture activated local sympathetic noradrenergic signaling to relieve synovitis and referred pain behaviors in knee osteoarthritis rats.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- SNHG15 is a negative regulator of inflammation by mediating TRAF2 ubiquitination in stroke-induced immunosuppression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Stroke-induced changes to immune function and their relevance to increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease.Discovery immunology · 2022Review
- Effects of CNS Injury-Induced Immunosuppression on Pulmonary Immunity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Stroke-induced immunosuppression: implications for the prevention and prediction of post-stroke infections.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- Inflammatory Factors as Potential Markers of Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Receiving Endovascular Therapy - The AISRNA Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Do We Need to Distinguish Thrombolysis and Nonthrombolysis Patients When Applying Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Predicting Scores? An External Validation from a 2-Center Database.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Observational
- Sex Difference of Ribosome in Stroke-Induced Peripheral Immunosuppression by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- The spleen may be an important target of stem cell therapy for stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Review
- Influences of the Gut Microbiota on DNA Methylation and Histone Modification.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stoke results in activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), inducing systemic immunosuppression. However, the potential mechanisms underlying stroke-induced immunosuppression remain unclear. Here, we determined the SNS effects on functional outcome and explored the interactions among SNS, β-arrestin2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) after experimental stroke in rats. In the current study, stroke was induced by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, and SNS activity was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine HBr (6-OHDA). 7.0 T Micro-MRI and Longa score were employed to assess the functional outcome after stroke. Flow cytometry and ELISA assay were used to measure the expression of MHC class II, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Western blot was conducted to analyze β-arrestin2 and NF-κB protein expression levels after experimental stroke. We found significantly increased infarct volumes and functional impairment after MCAO at different post-surgery time points, which were not aggravated by 6-OHDA treatment. SNS blockade partially reversed the expression of MHC class II after stroke over time, as well as TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages in vitro. Treatment of MCAO rats with SNS-inhibitor significantly diminished NF-κB activation and enhanced β-arrestin2 expression after stroke. This study suggests that pharmacological SNS inhibition dose not aggravate functional outcome after stroke. Stroke-induced immunosuppression may be involved in the SNS-β-arrestin2-NF-κB pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.