ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2016
Use of Patients With Diarrhea Who Test Negative for Rotavirus as Controls to Estimate Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Through Case-Control Studies.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Impact of the indigenous rotavirus vaccine Rotavac in the Universal Immunization Program in India during 2016-2020.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Stratified By National-Level Characteristics: An Introduction to the 24-Country MNSSTER-V Project, 2007-2023.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and impact of monovalent rotavirus vaccination in Afghanistan: a test-negative case-control analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Article
- Temporal Confounding in the Test-Negative Design.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Hospitalization With Acute Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Kenyan Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Measuring Rotavirus Vaccine Impact in Sub-Saharan Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Accumulation and Depuration Kinetics of Rotavirus in Mussels Experimentally Contaminated.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Case-Control Study of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Compared to Test-Negative Controls or Hospital Controls.Journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness.Expert review of vaccines · 2019Review
- Article
- Article
- Using surveillance and economic data to make informed decisions about rotavirus vaccine introduction.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Impact and effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in children <5 years of age in Burkina Faso.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine in the Philippines.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Comparison of two control groups for estimation of oral cholera vaccine effectiveness using a case-control study design.Vaccine · 2017Article
- Estimated reductions in hospitalizations and deaths from childhood diarrhea following implementation of rotavirus vaccination in Africa.Expert review of vaccines · 2017Review
- Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction and Postintroduction Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospital Admission in Haydom, Tanzania, a Rural African Setting.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCase-control studies are often performed to estimate postlicensure vaccine effectiveness (VE), but the enrollment of controls can be challenging, time-consuming, and costly. We evaluated whether children enrolled in the same hospital-based diarrheal surveillance used to identify rotavirus cases but who test negative for rotavirus (test-negative controls) can be considered a suitable alternative to nondiarrheal hospital or community-based control groups (traditional controls).
methodsWe compared calculated VE estimates as a function of varying values of true VE, attack rates of rotavirus and nonrotavirus diarrhea in the population, and sensitivity and specificity of the rotavirus enzyme immunoasssay. We also searched the literature to identify rotavirus VE studies that used traditional and test-negative control groups and compared VE estimates obtained using the different control groups.
resultsAssuming a 1% attack rate for severe rotavirus diarrhea, a 3% attack rate for severe nonrotavirus diarrhea in the population, a test sensitivity of 96%, and a specificity of 100%, the calculated VE estimates using both the traditional and test-negative control groups closely approximated the true VE for all values from 30% to 100%. As true VE decreased, the traditional case-control approach slightly overestimated the true VE and the test-negative case-control approach slightly underestimated this estimate, but the absolute difference was only ±0.2 percentage points. Field VE estimates from 10 evaluations that used both traditional and test-negative control groups were similar regardless of control group used.
conclusionsThe use of rotavirus test-negative controls offers an efficient and cost-effective approach to estimating rotavirus VE through case-control studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.