Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27059052›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2017

Socioeconomic Factors at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity Influencing Health Risks for People with Disabilities.

Elizabeth A Courtney-Long, Sebastian D Romano, Dianna D Carroll, Michael H Fox

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Pregnancy Decision-Making Among Women With Physical Disabilities: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026
    Article
  3. Differences in phenotypic and functional aging trajectories among people aging with disability and the US general population.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Health insurance, perceived threat, and posttraumatic stress after suspected acute coronary syndrome.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024
    Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elizabeth A Courtney-LongDivision of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA. gmr9@cdc.gov.
Sebastian D RomanoOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellowship with the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Dianna D CarrollDivision of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.
Michael H FoxDivision of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPeople with disabilities are known to experience disparities in behavioral health risk factors including smoking and obesity. What is unknown is how disability, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status combine to affect prevalence of these health behaviors. We assessed the association between race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors (income and education), and disability on two behavioral health risk factors.

methodsData from the 2007-2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to determine prevalence of cigarette smoking and obesity by disability status, further stratified by race and ethnicity as well as income and education. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of income and education with the two behavioral health risk factors, stratified by race and ethnicity.

resultsPrevalence of disability by race and ethnicity ranged from 10.1 % of Asian adults to 31.0 % of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) adults. Smoking prevalence increased with decreasing levels of income and education for most racial and ethnic groups, with over half of white (52.4 %) and AIAN adults (59.3 %) with less than a high school education reporting current smoking. Education was inversely associated with obesity among white, black, and Hispanic adults with a disability.

conclusionSmoking and obesity varied by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic factors (income and education) among people with disabilities. Our findings suggest that disparities experienced by adults with disabilities may be compounded by disparities associated with race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. This knowledge may help programs in formulating health promotion strategies targeting people at increased risk for smoking and obesity, inclusive of those with disabilities.

Indexed as

Educational StatusEthnicityIncomeObesityPersons with DisabilitiesSmokingAdolescentAdultAgedAmerican Indian or Alaska NativeAsianBlack or African AmericanFemaleHealth Risk BehaviorsHispanic or LatinoHumansCigarette smokingDisabilityDisparitiesObesityRace and ethnicity

Identifiers

PMID27059052
PMCPMC5055843
OpenAlexW2324094225

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.