Trial reportJournal of the American College of Cardiology2016
Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiac Function in Patients With Chronic HF: The VINDICATE Study.
Trial report in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01619891 (VitamIN D Treating patIents With Chronic heArT failurE), which is not on this map. Cited by 106 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
VitamIN D Treating patIents With Chronic heArT failurE
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D on Cardiac Function in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 10 RCTs.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of vitamin DAgeing research reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different diseases: an evidence-map and umbrella review of 116 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of vitamin D on cardiac structure and function in chronic kidney disease patients with hypovitaminosis D: a randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2021Pooled it
- Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D on ventricular remodelling in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Vitamin D in the prevention of left ventricular remodelling after an acute myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The effect of vitamin D supplementation on mental and functional health outcomes in African Americans with type 2 diabetes.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2025Trial
- Effects of Ubiquinol and/or D-ribose in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.The American journal of cardiology · 2022Trial
- Vitamin D, Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Current Evidence.Circulation research · 2020Trial
- Vitamin DBMC cardiovascular disorders · 2017Trial
- Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiac Function in Older People After 1 Year: BEST-D (Biochemical Efficacy and Safety Trial of Vitamin D).Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- Vitamin D: Physiology, Pharmacology and Clinical Evidence for Supplementation-A Narrative Review.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Review
- Relationship of Vitamin D, Spondyloarthritis Activity and Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms modify cardiovascular outcomes in asthma: a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The gut-heart axis in heart failure: from bidirectional pathophysiological mechanisms to integrative therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial on the contributions of vitamin D in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, depressive symptoms and suicide risk.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with chronic heart failure (HF) secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are frequently deficient in vitamin D. Low vitamin D levels are associated with a worse prognosis.
objectivesThe VINDICATE (VitamIN D treatIng patients with Chronic heArT failurE) study was undertaken to establish safety and efficacy of high-dose 25 (OH) vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation in patients with chronic HF due to LVSD.
methodsWe enrolled 229 patients (179 men) with chronic HF due to LVSD and vitamin D deficiency (cholecalciferol <50 nmol/l [<20 ng/ml]). Participants were allocated to 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation (4,000 IU [100 μg] daily) or matching non-calcium-based placebo. The primary endpoint was change in 6-minute walk distance between baseline and 12 months. Secondary endpoints included change in LV ejection fraction at 1 year, and safety measures of renal function and serum calcium concentration assessed every 3 months.
resultsOne year of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation did not improve 6-min walk distance at 1 year, but was associated with a significant improvement in cardiac function (LV ejection fraction +6.07% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.20 to 8.95; p < 0.0001]); and a reversal of LV remodeling (LV end diastolic diameter -2.49 mm [95% CI: -4.09 to -0.90; p = 0.002] and LV end systolic diameter -2.09 mm [95% CI: -4.11 to -0.06 p = 0.043]).
conclusionsOne year of 100 μg daily vitamin D3 supplementation does not improve 6-min walk distance but has beneficial effects on LV structure and function in patients on contemporary optimal medical therapy. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these translate to improvements in outcomes. (VitamIN D Treating patIents With Chronic heArT failurE [VINDICATE]; NCT01619891).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.