ArticlePloS one2016
Effectiveness of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-10) in Children in Chile: A Nested Case-Control Study Using Nationwide Pneumonia Morbidity and Mortality Surveillance Data.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- From 10-Valent to 21-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines: Divergent Global Pathways and Future Directions for India.Indian pediatrics · 2026Review
- Burden of clinical syndromes associated with pneumococcal disease in Mexico: a retrospective analysis for 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Estimated pneumococcal disease burden in children due to serotypes covered by different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in five Latin American countries.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Vaccination following the expanded programme on immunization schedule could help to reduce deaths in children under five hospitalized for pneumonia and severe pneumonia in a developing country.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia and hospitalisation in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea: An observational cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2022Article
- Article
- Laboratory-based surveillance in Latin America: attributes and limitations in evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine impact.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Declines in Pneumonia Mortality Following the Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Latin American and Caribbean Countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Trends in all-cause pneumonia and otitis media in children aged <2 years following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Colombia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on mortality from lower respiratory infections and pneumonia among under-fives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- The effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against hypoxic pneumonia in children in Lao People's Democratic Republic: An observational hospital-based test-negative study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2020Article
- Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake on childhood pneumonia mortality across income levels in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.Gates open research · 2020Article
- Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on childhood pneumonia mortality in Brazil: a retrospective observational study.The Lancet. Global health · 2019Observational
- Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine impact assessment in Bangladesh.Gates open research · 2018Article
- [Impact of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the southern area of Santiago (Chile), 2009-2015Efeito da vacina pneumocócica 10-valente conjugada na região sul de Santiago, Chile, 2009-2015].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2018Article
- Assessing the Importance of Domestic Vaccine Manufacturing Centers: An Overview of Immunization Programs, Vaccine Manufacture, and Distribution.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Estimating the population-level impact of vaccines using synthetic controls.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Observational
- Impact of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumonia in Finnish children in a nation-wide population-based study.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced into the Chilean National Immunization Program (NIP) in January 2011 with a 3+1 schedule (2, 4, 6 and 12 months) without catch-up vaccination. We evaluated the effectiveness of PCV10 on pneumonia morbidity and mortality among infants during the first two years after vaccine introduction.
methodsThis is a population-based nested case-control study using four merged nationwide case-based electronic health data registries: live birth, vaccination, hospitalization and mortality. Children born in 2010 and 2011 were followed from two moths of age for a period of two years. Using four different case definitions of pneumonia hospitalization and/or mortality (all-cause and pneumonia related deaths), all cases and four randomly selected matched controls per case were selected. Controls were matched to cases on analysis time. Vaccination status was then assessed. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using conditional logistic regression.
resultsThere were a total of 497,996 children in the 2010 and 2011 Chilean live-birth cohorts. PCV10 VE was 11.2% (95%CI 8.5-13.6) when all pneumonia hospitalizations and deaths were used to define cases. VE increased to 20.7 (95%CI 17.3-23.8) when ICD10 codes used to denote viral pneumonia were excluded from the case definition. VE estimates on pneumonia deaths and all-cause deaths were 71.5 (95%CI 9.0-91.8) and 34.8 (95% CI 23.7-44.4), respectively.
conclusionPCV10 vaccination substantially reduced the number of hospitalizations due to pneumonia and deaths due to pneumonia and to all-causes over this study period. Our findings also reinforce the importance of having quality health information systems for measuring VE.
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