ReviewACS chemical neuroscience2016
The Olfactory Bulb: An Immunosensory Effector Organ during Neurotropic Viral Infections.
Review in ACS chemical neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroradiological Features of Mild and Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Academic radiology · 2020Pooled it
- Arboviral infections of the central nervous system: Mechanisms of invasion and long-term consequences.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Time of day alters olfactory bulb immune state with ramifications for intranasal inflammatory challenge.Cell reports · 2026Article
- The whole genome sequencing offers insights into the susceptibility to the foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Olfactory Development and Dysfunction: Involvement of Microglia.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- IFN-bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- IFN-γ signaling is required for the efficient replication of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) strain JHM in the brains of infected mice.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intratumoral Microbiome in Head and Neck Paragangliomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV and COVID-19: two pandemics with significant (but different) central nervous system complications.Free neuropathology · 2024Article
- New gene signature from the dominant infiltration immune cell type in osteosarcoma predicts overall survival.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Complications of COVID-19 on the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms and Potential Treatment for Easing Long COVID.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Article
- Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Rapidly Invades Grass Carp (Viruses · 2023Article
- Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Primary Culture of the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium and Utilization for Henipavirus Infection In Vitro.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Primary Culture of the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium and Utilization for Henipavirus Infection In Vitro.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Post-viral olfactory loss and parosmia.BMJ medicine · 2023Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 1935, the olfactory route was hypothesized to be a portal for virus entry into the central nervous system (CNS). This hypothesis was based on experiments in which nasophayngeal infection with poliovirus in monkeys was prevented from spreading to their CNS via transection of olfactory tracts between the olfactory neuroepithelium (ONE) of the nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb (OB). Since then, numerous neurotropic viruses have been observed to enter the CNS via retrograde transport along axons of olfactory sensory neurons whose cell bodies reside in the ONE. Importantly, this route of infection can occur even after subcutaneous inoculation of arboviruses that can cause encephalitis in humans. While the olfactory route is now accepted as an important pathway for viral entry into the CNS, it is unclear whether it provides a way for infection to spread to other brain regions. More recently, studies of antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses within the olfactory bulb suggest it provides early virologic control. Here we will review the data demonstrating that neurotropic viruses gain access to the CNS initially via the olfactory route with emphasis on findings that suggest the OB is a critical immunosensory effector organ that effectively clears virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.