ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
The Typhoid Toxin Promotes Host Survival and the Establishment of a Persistent Asymptomatic Infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Manipulation of Host Cells byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Salmonella enterica serovar typhi limits the potency of typhoid toxin and ADP-ribosylating toxin AB to establish a persistent infection.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- ISG15 At the Crossroads of Innate Immunity and Host Survival in Response to Typhoid Toxin.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- Protein-centric mechanisms of typhoidalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Typhoid toxin of Salmonella Typhi elicits host antimicrobial response during acute typhoid fever.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Multifaceted Evolution of the PhoPQ Two-Component System in Salmonella enterica Enhanced the Expression of Horizontally Acquired Virulence Genes.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of NontyphoidalAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- High-throughput fitness experiments reveal specific vulnerabilities of human-adapted Salmonella during stress and infection.Nature genetics · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Review
- The diverse landscape of AB5-type toxins.Engineering microbiology · 2023Review
- The vertical transmission ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- One species, different diseases: the unique molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of typhoidal Salmonella infections.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- Genotoxin-producingFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Detection of Salmonella Typhi nucleic acid by RT-PCR and anti-HlyE, -CdtB, -PilL, and -Vi IgM by ELISA at sites in Ghana, Madagascar and Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Cooperative defenses during enteropathogenic infection.Current opinion in microbiology · 2022Review
- The evolutionary diversification of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The role played by bacterial infections in the onset and metastasis of cancer.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- Bacteria-Cancer Interface: Awaiting the Perfect Storm.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial genotoxins, produced by several Gram-negative bacteria, induce DNA damage in the target cells. While the responses induced in the host cells have been extensively studied in vitro, the role of these effectors during the course of infection remains poorly characterized. To address this issue, we assessed the effects of the Salmonella enterica genotoxin, known as typhoid toxin, in in vivo models of murine infection. Immunocompetent mice were infected with isogenic S. enterica, serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) strains, encoding either a functional or an inactive typhoid toxin. The presence of the genotoxic subunit was detected 10 days post-infection in the liver of infected mice. Unexpectedly, its expression promoted the survival of the host, and was associated with a significant reduction of severe enteritis in the early phases of infection. Immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analysis confirmed the toxin-mediated suppression of the intestinal inflammatory response. The presence of a functional typhoid toxin further induced an increased frequency of asymptomatic carriers. Our data indicate that the typhoid toxin DNA damaging activity increases host survival and favours long-term colonization, highlighting a complex cross-talk between infection, DNA damage response and host immune response. These findings may contribute to understand why such effectors have been evolutionary conserved and horizontally transferred among Gram-negative bacteria.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.