ArticlePloS one2016
Cost Attributable to Nosocomial Bacteremia. Analysis According to Microorganism and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in a University Hospital in Barcelona.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Economics of Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Global Research.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of the health and healthcare system burden due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of Remote Cholecystectomy on Clinical Outcomes FollowingOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Direct economic costs related to antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections isolated from newborns in a perinatal hospital in Peru.International health · 2025Article
- Patterns, Outcomes and Economic Burden of Primary vs. Secondary Bloodstream Infections: A Single Center, Cross-Sectional Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differences in clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae: a multicentre cohort study.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extensively Drug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- XDR-Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Bacteremia.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Prevalence of Multi-Resistant Microorganisms and Antibiotic Stewardship among Hospitalized Patients Living in Residential Care Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Safety Evaluation of Individual Pillboxes to Control Cross-Contamination in the Drug Circuit in Hospitals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Impact of bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens on ICU costs, mortality and length of stay.Infection prevention in practice · 2019Article
- Self-disinfecting surfaces and infection control.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2019Review
- A multi-center nested case-control study on hospitalization costs and length of stay due to healthcare-associated infection.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2018Article
- How to manageDrugs in context · 2018Review
- Observational
- Increased Costs Associated with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Are Due Primarily to Patients with Hospital-Acquired Infections.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Estrategia de control de la resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos en Argentina.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo calculate the incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia caused by the most common organisms, classified by their antimicrobial susceptibility.
methodsWe selected patients who developed nosocomial bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These microorganisms were analyzed because of their high prevalence and they frequently present multidrug resistance. A control group consisted of patients classified within the same all-patient refined-diagnosis related group without bacteremia. Our hospital has an established cost accounting system (full-costing) that uses activity-based criteria to analyze cost distribution. A logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the probability of developing bacteremia for each admission (propensity score) and was used for propensity score matching adjustment. Subsequently, the propensity score was included in an econometric model to adjust the incremental cost of patients who developed bacteremia, as well as differences in this cost, depending on whether the microorganism was multidrug-resistant or multidrug-sensitive.
resultsA total of 571 admissions with bacteremia matched the inclusion criteria and 82,022 were included in the control group. The mean cost was € 25,891 for admissions with bacteremia and € 6,750 for those without bacteremia. The mean incremental cost was estimated at € 15,151 (CI, € 11,570 to € 18,733). Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa bacteremia had the highest mean incremental cost, € 44,709 (CI, € 34,559 to € 54,859). Antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli nosocomial bacteremia had the lowest mean incremental cost, € 10,481 (CI, € 8,752 to € 12,210). Despite their lower cost, episodes of antimicrobial-susceptible E. coli nosocomial bacteremia had a major impact due to their high frequency.
conclusionsAdjustment of hospital cost according to the organism causing bacteremia and antibiotic sensitivity could improve prevention strategies and allow their prioritization according to their overall impact and costs. Infection reduction is a strategy to reduce resistance.
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