ReviewProceedings. Biological sciences2016
Factors influencing the effect size distribution of adaptive substitutions.
Review in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deconstruction ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structural variants are enriched in deleterious visible phenotypes inGenome research · 2026Article
- Balanced polymorphism underlies long-standing adaptation for seasonal camouflage in the least weasel.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Pleiotropy and the evolutionary stability of plastic phenotypes: a geometric framework.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Mapping flowering time QTLs in watermelon wild relative Citrullus amarus.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Predicting the direction of phenotypic difference.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Adaptive evolution of CENP-T modulates centromere binding.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Predicting the direction of phenotypic difference.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A large-effect fitness trade-off across environments is explained by a single mutation affecting cold acclimation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- A life-history allele of large effect shortens developmental time in a wild insect population.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Article
- Recent parallel speciation in Antirrhinum involved complex haplotypes and multiple adaptive characters.Molecular ecology · 2023Article
- Genetic Architecture of Flowering Time Differs Between Populations With Contrasting Demographic and Selective Histories.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Rapid evolutionary repair by secondary perturbation of a primary disrupted transcriptional network.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Quantitative trait loci mapping reveals an oligogenic architecture of a rapidly adapting trait during the European invasion of common ragweed.Evolutionary applications · 2022Article
- Genetic basis of speciation and adaptation: from loci to causative mutations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Negotiating mutualism: A locus for exploitation by rhizobia has a broad effect size distribution and context-dependent effects on legume hosts.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2022Article
- On the genetic architecture of rapidly adapting and convergent life history traits in guppies.Heredity · 2022Article
- Evolution in small steps and giant leaps.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2022Review
- Adaptive eQTLs reveal the evolutionary impacts of pleiotropy and tissue-specificity while contributing to health and disease.HGG advances · 2022Article
- Ethanol resistance inEcology and evolution · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The distribution of effect sizes of adaptive substitutions has been central to evolutionary biology since the modern synthesis. Early theory proposed that because large-effect mutations have negative pleiotropic consequences, only small-effect mutations contribute to adaptation. More recent theory suggested instead that large-effect mutations could be favoured when populations are far from their adaptive peak. Here we suggest that the distributions of effect sizes are expected to differ among study systems, reflecting the wide variation in evolutionary forces and ecological conditions experienced in nature. These include selection, mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and other factors such as the degree of pleiotropy, the distance to the phenotypic optimum, whether the optimum is stable or moving, and whether new mutation or standing genetic variation provides the source of adaptive alleles. Our goal is to review how these factors might affect the distribution of effect sizes and to identify new research directions. Until more theory and empirical work is available, we feel that it is premature to make broad generalizations about the effect size distribution of adaptive substitutions important in nature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.