ArticlePloS one2016
Comparison of Gender Differences in Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent research progress and future directions of intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Stroke Risk Factors and Mechanisms in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- The role of imaging in predicting 3-month prognosis of primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a single-center, prospective observational study in tertiary care hospital.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Diverging Trends in Survival and Functional Outcome between Males and Females after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in the Epidemiology of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Over 10 Years in a Population-Based Stroke Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- A comparison of the disease occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive diseases, and ischaemic heart diseases among hospitalized older adults in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Unveiling the Crystal Ball: Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2023Article
- Surgical Outcome of Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis of Nearly 3,000 Cases over 10 Years.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Age and sex-specific stroke epidemiology in COVID-19.Frontiers in stroke · 2023Article
- Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension Are Associated With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Incidence: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- CCL5 Levels Predict Stroke Volume Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Significantly Diminish in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Incidence and Outcomes of Hemorrhagic Stroke among Adults in Spain (2016-2018) According to Sex: A Retrospective, Cohort, Observational, Propensity Score Matched Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- SUMO1 Deficiency Exacerbates Neurological and Cardiac Dysfunction after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Mice.Translational stroke research · 2021Article
- Cerebrovascular disease in women.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2021Review
- Association Between Alkaline Phosphatase and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Nationwide patterns of hemorrhagic stroke among patients hospitalized with brain metastases: influence of primary cancer diagnosis and anticoagulation.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Incidence and risk factors of subdural hematoma after intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the transsphenoidal approach.Pituitary · 2016Article
- Gender differences in long-term mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in southern Portugal.Porto biomedical journalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all first time strokes and with incidence twice as high in the Asian compared to Western population. This study aims to investigate gender differences in ICH patient outcomes in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
methodData for 1,192 patients admitted for ICH were collected over a four-year period. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors and odds ratios were computed for 30-day mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) comparing males and females.
resultMales suffered ICH at a younger age than females (62.2 ± 13.2 years vs. 66.3 ± 15.3 years; P<0.001). The occurrence of ICH was higher among males than females at all ages until 80 years old, beyond which the trend was reversed. Females exhibited increased severity on admission as measured by Glasgow Coma Scale compared to males (10.9 ± 4.03 vs. 11.4 ± 4.04; P = 0.030). No difference was found in 30-day mortality between females and males (F: 30.5% [155/508] vs. M: 27.0% [186/688]), with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (F/M) of 1.19 (P = 0.188) and 1.21 (P = 0.300). At discharge, there was a non-statistically significant but potentially clinically relevant morbidity difference between the genders as measured by GOS (dichotomized GOS of 4-5: F: 23.7% [119/503] vs. M: 28.7% [194/677]), with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (F/M) of 0.77 (P = 0.055) and 0.87 (P = 0.434).
conclusionIn our multi-ethnic Asian population, males developed ICH at a younger age and were more susceptible to ICH than women at all ages other than the beyond 80-year old age group. In contrast to the Western population, neurological status of female ICH patients at admission was poorer and their 30-day mortality was not reduced. Although the study was not powered to detect significance, female showed a trend toward worse 30-day morbidity at discharge.
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