ArticlePloS one2016
Electrical Stimulation of Coleopteran Muscle for Initiating Flight.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- BeetleBot: An integrated bioinspired soft robot for multimodal sensing and adaptive interaction.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Amygdala electrical stimulation for operant conditioning in rat navigation.Biomedical engineering letters · 2024Article
- A biomechanical model for the relation between bite force and mandibular opening angle in arthropods.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- [Design and preliminary application of outdoor flying pigeon-robot].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2022Article
- In vivo closed-loop control of a locust's leg using nerve stimulation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Experimental Verification on Steering Flight of Honeybee by Electrical Stimulation.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2022Article
- A Cyborg Insect Reveals a Function of a Muscle in Free Flight.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2022Article
- Research on Key Techniques of Insect Flapping Onset Control Based on Electrical Stimulation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Some researchers have long been interested in reconstructing natural insects into steerable robots or vehicles. However, until recently, these so-called cyborg insects, biobots, or living machines existed only in science fiction. Owing to recent advances in nano/micro manufacturing, data processing, and anatomical and physiological biology, we can now stimulate living insects to induce user-desired motor actions and behaviors. To improve the practicality and applicability of airborne cyborg insects, a reliable and controllable flight initiation protocol is required. This study demonstrates an electrical stimulation protocol that initiates flight in a beetle (Mecynorrhina torquata, Coleoptera). A reliable stimulation protocol was determined by analyzing a pair of dorsal longitudinal muscles (DLMs), flight muscles that oscillate the wings. DLM stimulation has achieved with a high success rate (> 90%), rapid response time (< 1.0 s), and small variation (< 0.33 s; indicating little habituation). Notably, the stimulation of DLMs caused no crucial damage to the free flight ability. In contrast, stimulation of optic lobes, which was earlier demonstrated as a successful flight initiation protocol, destabilized the beetle in flight. Thus, DLM stimulation is a promising secure protocol for inducing flight in cyborg insects or biobots.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.