ArticleOncotarget2016
A combinational therapy of EGFR-CAR NK cells and oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 for breast cancer brain metastases.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- EGFRxCD16 bispecific antibodies orchestrate superior NK cell-mediated lysis of ovarian cancer and NSCLC cell lines in combination with oncolytic viruses.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-NK cell therapy: engineering strategies, translational challenges, and future perspectives in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Review
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: advances in cell therapy for tuberculosis treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Oncolytic HSV1716 attenuates tumor-killing activity of infected primary NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Emerging Combination Platforms in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- Advances in augmenting infiltration of active natural killer cells into pediatric and adult solid tumors.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Review
- Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- EGFR: New Insights on Its Activation and Mutation in Tumor and Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for cancer.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- Rendering NK Cells Antigen-Specific for the Therapy of Solid Tumours.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging combined CAR-NK cell therapies in cancer treatment: Finding a dancing partner.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Reprogramming the breast tumor immune microenvironment: cold-to-hot transition for enhanced immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- The Effects of Released Exosomes from NK-92 Cells with IL15 on the Apoptosis of HL-60 Cell Line.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2025Article
- Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- Current status and innovative developments of CAR-T-cell therapy for the treatment of breast cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Advances in preclinical and clinical studies of oncolytic virus combination therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) are common in patients with metastatic breast cancer and indicate a poor prognosis. These tumors are especially resistant to currently available treatments due to multiple factors. However, the combination of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified immune cells and oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) has not yet been explored in this context. In this study, NK-92 cells and primary NK cells were engineered to express the second generation of EGFR-CAR. The efficacies of anti-BCBMs of EGFR-CAR NK cells, oHSV-1, and their combination were tested in vitro and in a breast cancer intracranial mouse model. In vitro, compared with mock-transduced NK-92 cells or primary NK cells, EGFR-CAR-engineered NK-92 cells and primary NK cells displayed enhanced cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production when co-cultured with breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7. oHSV-1 alone was also capable of lysing and destroying these cells. However, a higher cytolytic effect of EGFR-CAR NK-92 cells was observed when combined with oHSV-1 compared to the monotherapies. In the mice intracranially pre-inoculated with EGFR-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells, intratumoral administration of either EGFR-CAR-transduced NK-92 cells or oHSV-1 mitigated tumor growth. Notably, the combination of EGFR-CAR NK-92 cells with oHSV-1 resulted in more efficient killing of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells and significantly longer survival of tumor-bearing mice when compared to monotherapies. These results demonstrate that regional administration of EGFR-CAR NK-92 cells combined with oHSV-1 therapy is a potentially promising strategy to treat BCBMs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.