Trial reportPloS one2016
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations ≥40 ng/ml Are Associated with >65% Lower Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Randomized Trial and Prospective Cohort Study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill's Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- A prospective trial investigating the role of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Quality of life among medical students: Analysis of pooled cohorts in the prospective POLLEK cohort study.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- The Role of Vitamins and Micronutrients in the Prevention of Melanoma: A Review of Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D receptor is associated with prognostic characteristics of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy-an observational study.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- 25(OH)D Concentration in Neonates, Infants, Toddlers, Older Children and Teenagers from Poland-Evaluation of Trends during Years 2014-2019.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Physiological Basis for Using Vitamin D to Improve Health.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Vitamin DLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Targeting nuclear hormone receptors for the prevention of breast cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Vitamin D and COVID-19: A review on the role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19 infection.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2021Review
- Notable Developments for Vitamin D Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, but Caution Warranted Overall: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Does the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African Americans Contribute to Health Disparities?Nutrients · 2021Review
- Vitamin D and Exercise Are Major Determinants of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Which Is Age- and Gender-Specific.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- New Roles for Vitamin D Superagonists: From COVID to Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with a lower risk of multiple cancer types across a range of 25(OH)D concentrations.
objectivesTo investigate whether the previously reported inverse association between 25(OH)D and cancer risk could be replicated, and if a 25(OH)D response region could be identified among women aged 55 years and older across a broad range of 25(OH)D concentrations.
methodsData from two cohorts representing different median 25(OH)D concentrations were pooled to afford a broader range of 25(OH)D concentrations than either cohort alone: the Lappe cohort (N = 1,169), a randomized clinical trial cohort (median 25(OH)D = 30 ng/ml) and the GrassrootsHealth cohort (N = 1,135), a prospective cohort (median 25(OH)D = 48 ng/ml). Cancer incidence over a multi-year period (median: 3.9 years) was compared according to 25(OH)D concentration. Kaplan-Meier plots were developed and the association between 25(OH)D and cancer risk was examined with multivariate Cox regression using multiple 25(OH)D measurements and spline functions. The study included all invasive cancers excluding skin cancer.
resultsAge-adjusted cancer incidence across the combined cohort (N = 2,304) was 840 cases per 100,000 person-years (1,020 per 100,000 person-years in the Lappe cohort and 722 per 100,000 person-years in the GrassrootsHealth cohort). Incidence was lower at higher concentrations of 25(OH)D. Women with 25(OH)D concentrations ≥40 ng/ml had a 67% lower risk of cancer than women with concentrations <20 ng/ml (HR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.12-0.90).
conclusions25(OH)D concentrations ≥40 ng/ml were associated with substantial reduction in risk of all invasive cancers combined.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.