Trial reportPediatric research2016
Relationship between PCO2 and unfavorable outcome in infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Trial report in Pediatric research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04603547 (Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in Neonates Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in Neonates Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic hypothermia in newborns: evidence-based guidelines from a systematic review.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Neonatal encephalopathy: a systematic review of reported treatment outcomes.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Pooled it
- Carbon dioxide levels in neonates: what are safe parameters?Pediatric research · 2022Pooled it
- Neonatal encephalopathy therapy optimization for better neuroprotection with inhalation of COPediatric research · 2020Trial
- Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: From the Limitations of Therapeutic Hypothermia to Precision Intervention.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Cumulative secondary systemic metabolic cerebral insults are associated with disease severity and mortality in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Lab values in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy over time during and after therapeutic hypothermia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sensing molecular carbon dioxide: a translational focus for respiratory disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Stay cool and keep moving forwards.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in Neonates Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Observational
- Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- pCO2 values in asphyxiated infants under therapeutic hypothermia after tailored respiratory management: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Neuroprotection for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Contributions from the neonatal research network.Seminars in perinatology · 2022Review
- Non-invasive carbon dioxide monitoring in neonates: methods, benefits, and pitfalls.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Review
- Exploratory Assessment of the Relationship Between Hemoglobin Volume Phase Index, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Functional Outcome in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Neurocritical care · 2021Article
- Mechanical Ventilation, Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide, Increased Fraction of Inspired Oxygen and the Increased Risk for Adverse Short-Term Outcomes in Cooled Asphyxiated Newborns.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Wavelet Autoregulation Monitoring Identifies Blood Pressures Associated With Brain Injury in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Inhaled HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- High-Dose Melatonin and Ethanol Excipient Combined with Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Newborn Piglet Asphyxia Model.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Brain interstitial pH changes in the subacute phase of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborn pigs.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAbnormal PCO2 is common in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The objective was to determine whether hypocapnia was independently associated with unfavorable outcome (death or severe neurodevelopmental disability at 18 mo) in infants with moderate-to-severe HIE.
methodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the CoolCap Study in which infants were randomized to head cooling or standard care. Blood gases were measured at prespecified times after randomization. PCO2 and follow-up data were available for 196 of 234 infants. Analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between hypocapnia in the first 72 h after randomization and unfavorable outcome.
resultsAfter adjusting for pH, amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram background and seizures, birth weight, Apgar score at 5 min, cooling status, and Sarnat stage, PCO2 was inversely associated with unfavorable outcome (P < 0.001). The probability of unfavorable outcome was 0.20 ± 0.1 (point estimate ± SE), 0.53 ± 0.23 and 0.89 ± 0.16 for a PCO2 of 40, 30, and 20 mm Hg respectively and was greater in infants with severe HIE than with moderate HIE.
conclusionsHypocapnia in infants with moderate-to-severe HIE was independently associated with unfavorable outcome. Future studies of controlled normocapnia will be important.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.