SynthesisBMJ open2016
Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04422600 (Fetal Exposure to Cannabinoids), which is not on this map. Cited by 277 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fetal Exposure to Cannabinoids: Exposure, Methylation and Neurodevelopmental Effects
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 580 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Pooled it
- The association between preconception cannabis use and gestational diabetes mellitus: The Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing health and Development (PrePARED) consortium.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of cannabis use disorder yields insight into disease biology and public health implications.Nature genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Clinician responses to cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review and integrative mixed-methods research synthesis.Family practice · 2022Pooled it
- Pregnant People's Perspectives On Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Integrative Mixed-Methods Research Synthesis.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2022Pooled it
- Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Cannabis on Female Reproductive Health Across the Life Course.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Pooled it
- Preconception lifestyle advice for people with infertility.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Perceptions about cannabis use during pregnancy: a rapid best-framework qualitative synthesis.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2021Pooled it
- A Web-Based Intervention for Reducing Sexually Transmitted Infections and Substance Use During Pregnancy: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Clinical Health Messaging for Perinatal Cannabis Use: Perspectives From Postpartum Individuals With Use During Early Pregnancy.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Prenatal cannabis exposure affects human fetal neurodevelopment: an integrated multi-omics study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Innovative Methods for Prenatal Cannabis Exposure: Vapor Inhalation Chamber and Metabolite Quantification in Prairie Voles and Rats.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- The changing landscape of cannabis use: impact on maternal health and neonatal outcomes.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Recreational Cannabis Use During Human Pregnancy: Its Effects on the Placenta and Endocannabinoid System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cannabis smoke extract disrupts trophoblast differentiation and causes mitochondrial dysfunction beyond the effects of Δ9-THC alone.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of prenatal cannabis use in Michigan, USA: A statewide population-based pregnancy cohort.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Prenatal Cannabis and Tobacco: Studies in Animal Models.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Provider Perspectives of Conversations and Practices Surrounding Perinatal Cannabis Use.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes. DATA SOURCES: 7 electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 April 2014. Studies that investigated the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes were included. STUDY SELECTION: Case-control studies, cross-sectional and cohort studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data synthesis was undertaken via systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence. All review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes up to 6 weeks postpartum after exposure to cannabis. Meta-analyses were conducted on variables that had 3 or more studies that measured an outcome in a consistent manner. Outcomes for which meta-analyses were conducted included: anaemia, birth weight, low birth weight, neonatal length, placement in the neonatal intensive care unit, gestational age, head circumference and preterm birth.
results24 studies were included in the review. Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that women who used cannabis during pregnancy had an increase in the odds of anaemia (pooled OR (pOR)=1.36: 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) compared with women who did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero had a decrease in birth weight (low birth weight pOR=1.77: 95% CI 1.04 to 3.01; pooled mean difference (pMD) for birth weight=109.42 g: 38.72 to 180.12) compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero were also more likely to need placement in the neonatal intensive care unit compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy (pOR=2.02: 1.27 to 3.21). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of cannabis during pregnancy may increase adverse outcomes for women and their neonates. As use of cannabis gains social acceptance, pregnant women and their medical providers could benefit from health education on potential adverse effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.