ArticleJournal of nephropathology2016
Distal, intermediate, and proximal mediators of racial disparities in renal disease mortality in the United States.
Article in Journal of nephropathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03832166 (A Prospective, Randomized Two Group Study to Evaluate the Feasibility and Initial Efficacy of a Community-engaged Screening, Identification, and F&V Intervention to Improve F&V Intake and CKD Outcomes in 140 AA Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Randomized Two Group Study to Evaluate the Feasibility and Initial Efficacy of a Community-engaged Screening, Identification, and F&V Intervention to Improve F&V Intake and CKD Outcomes in 140 AA Adults
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multilevel Racism and Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease and Related Biopsychosocial Mechanisms: An Integrated Scoping and Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.Current cardiology reports · 2025Article
- Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in CKD in the Context of Universal Health Care Provided by the Military Health System.Kidney medicine · 2022Article
- Parents' Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Children's Cognitive Performance: Complexities by Race, Ethnicity, and Cognitive Domain.Urban science (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Parental Human Capital and Adolescents' Executive Function: Immigrants' Diminished Returns.Medical research archives · 2020Article
- Family Income Mediates the Effect of Parental Education on Adolescents' Hippocampus Activation During an N-Back Memory Task.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescents' Attention: Blacks' Diminished Returns.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- African American Children's Diminished Returns of Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status on Fun Seeking.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Reward Responsiveness in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: African Americans' Diminished Returns of Parental Education.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Changes in employment status prior to initiation of maintenance hemodialysis in the USA from 2006 to 2015.Clinical kidney journal · 2020Article
- Parental Education on Youth Inhibitory Control in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study: Blacks' Diminished Returns.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- A population health dietary intervention for African American adults with chronic kidney disease: The Fruit and Veggies for Kidney Health randomized study.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2020Article
- Understanding America: Unequal Economic Returns of Years of Schooling in Whites and Blacks.World journal of educational research (Los Angeles, Calif.) · 2020Article
- Combined Effects of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Cancer Beliefs, Cognitions, and Emotions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Self-rated Health and Mortality due to Kidney Diseases: Racial Differences in the United States.Advanced biomedical research · 2018Article
- Psychiatric Disorders Differently Correlate with Physical Self-Rated Health across Ethnic Groups.Journal of personalized medicine · 2017Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes; Race by Gender Differences.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Number of Chronic Medical Conditions Fully Mediates the Effects of Race on Mortality; 25-Year Follow-Up of a Nationally Representative Sample of Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2017Article
- Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and long-term risk of renal disease mortality: Racial and socioeconomic differences.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2017Article
- Income Gradient in Renal Disease Mortality in the United States.Frontiers in medicine · 2017Article
- Race by Gender Group Differences in the Protective Effects of Socioeconomic Factors Against Sustained Health Problems Across Five Domains.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2016Article
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Abstract
backgroundKidney failure and associated mortality is one of the major components of racial disparities in the United States.
objectivesThe current study aimed to investigate the role of distal (socioeconomic status, SES), intermediate (chronic medical diseases), and proximal (health behaviors) factors that may explain Black-White disparities in mortality due to renal diseases. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis is a nationally representative prospective cohort with 25 years of follow up. Data came from the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study, 1986 to 2011. The study included 3361 Black (n = 1156) or White (n = 2205) adults who were followed for up to 25 years. Race was the main predictor and death due to renal disease was the outcome. SES, chronic medical disease (diabetes, hypertension, obesity), and health behaviors (smoking, drinking, and exercise) at baseline were potential mediators. We used Cox proportional hazards models for data analysis.
resultsIn age and gender adjusted models, Blacks had higher risk of death due to renal disease over the follow up period. Separate models suggested that SES, health behaviors and chronic medical disease fully explained the effect of race on renal disease mortality.
conclusionsBlack-White disparities in rate of death due to renal diseases in the United States are not genuine but secondary to racial differences in income, health behaviors, hypertension, and diabetes. As distal, intermediate, and proximal factors contribute to racial disparities in renal disease mortality, elimination of such disparities requires a wide range of policies and programs that target income, medical conditions, and health behaviors.
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