ArticlePeerJ2016
Factor structure of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in adult women with fibromyalgia from Southern Spain: the al-Ándalus project.
Article in PeerJ, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Affective priming through Indian ragas: influence on perception of ambiguous visual stimuli and creativity.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Prenatal Planning and Breastfeeding: Buffering Postpartum Depression Through Positive Affect.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Spiritual well-being and attitudes toward caring for dying patients: a cross-sectional study in Iranian nursing students.BMC palliative care · 2025Article
- Nocturnal hypoxemia is related to morning negative affectivity in untreated patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and affect with depression, anxiety and life satisfaction in adult women with fibromyalgia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Fibromyalgia: Evidence for Deficits in Positive Psychology Resources. A Case-Control Study from the Al-Ándalus Project.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Contextualizing goal preferences in fear-avoidance models. Looking at fatigue as a disabling symptom in fibromyalgia patients.PloS one · 2021Article
- Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): psychometric properties of the online Spanish version in a clinical sample with emotional disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Goal Preferences, Affect, Activity Patterns and Health Outcomes in Women With Fibromyalgia.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Gender Differences in Symptoms, Health-Related Quality of Life, Sleep Quality, Mental Health, Cognitive Performance, Pain-Cognition, and Positive Health in Spanish Fibromyalgia Individuals: The Al-Ándalus Project.Pain research & management · 2016Article
- Distress Tolerance in the Comorbid Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder Population.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of widespread chronic pain. People with fibromyalgia report lower levels of Positive Affect and higher levels of Negative Affect than non-fibromyalgia peers. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)-a widely used questionnaire to assess two core domains of affect; namely 'Positive Affect' and 'Negative Affect' -has a controversial factor structure varying across studies. The internal structure of a measurement instrument has an impact on the meaning and validity of its score. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the structural construct validity of the PANAS in adult women with fibromyalgia.
methodsThis population-based cross-sectional study included 442 adult women with fibromyalgia (age: 51.3 ± 7.4 years old) from Andalusia (Southern Spain). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of the PANAS.
resultsA structure with two correlated factors (Positive Affect and Negative Affect) obtained the best fit; S-B χ(2) = 288.49, df = 155, p < .001; RMSEA = .04; 90% CI of RMSEA = (.036, .052); the best fit SRMR = .05; CFI = .96; CAIC = -810.66, respectively.
conclusionsThe present study demonstrates that both Positive Affect and Negative Affect are core dimensions of affect in adult women with fibromyalgia. A structure with two correlated factors of the PANAS emerged from our sample of women with fibromyalgia from Andalusia (Southern Spain). In this model, the amount of variance shared by Positive Affect and Negative Affect was small. Therefore, our findings support to use and interpret the Positive Affect and Negative Affect subscales of the PANAS as separate factors that are associated but distinctive as well.
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