ArticleThe international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease2016
Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in 2-4 year olds in a rural HIV-prevalent setting.
Article in The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity in young children in Blantyre, Malawi: A community-based survey.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Critical assessment of infants born to mothers with drug resistant tuberculosis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Tuberculin skin test surveys and the Annual Risk of Tuberculous Infection in school children in Northern KwaZulu-Natal.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors forOpen forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Paediatric tuberculosis transmission outside the household: challenging historical paradigms to inform future public health strategies.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2019Article
- Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-endemic settings.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Review
- Does antiretroviral treatment increase the infectiousness of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis?The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2017Article
- Why population-based data are crucial to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children acts as a sentinel for infectious tuberculosis.
objectiveTo assess risk factors associated with tuberculous infection in pre-school children.
methodWe conducted a population-wide tuberculin skin test (TST) survey from January to December 2012 in Malawi. All children aged 2-4 years residing in a demographic surveillance area were eligible. Detailed demographic data, including adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and clinical and sociodemographic data on all diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients were available.
resultsThe prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection was 1.1% using a TST induration cut-off of 15 mm (estimated annual risk of infection of 0.3%). The main identifiable risk factors were maternal HIV infection at birth (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.6, 95%CI 1.1-12.2), having three or more adult members in the household over a lifetime (aOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.2-4.8) and living in close proximity to a known case of infectious TB (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.4), modelled as a linear variable across categories (>200 m, 100-200 m, <100 m, within household). Less than 20% of the infected children lived within 200 m of a known diagnosed case.
conclusionHousehold and community risk factors identified do not explain the majority of M. tuberculosis infections in children in our setting.
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