ArticleTranslational psychiatry2016
Adolescent behavioral and neural reward sensitivity: a test of the differential susceptibility theory.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Association of Environmental Variables with Intelligence and Well-Being in Copy Number Variation (CNV) Carriers.Research square · 2026Article
- Executive functioning and binge-watching behaviors in adolescents: a network analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Multiple dimensions of reward-sensitivity and cognitive control relate to psychopathology: an exploratory structural equation modeling approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Dissociable Neural Connectome Mapping of Reward and Punishment Responsiveness in Young Adults: Associations with Genetic Variability and Neurotransmitter Profiles.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions.Development and psychopathology · 2024Review
- Neural sensitivity to social reward predicts links between social behavior and loneliness in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.Developmental psychobiology · 2023Article
- Heart rate variability moderates the effects of COVID-19-related stress and family adversity on emotional problems in adolescents: Testing models of differential susceptibility and diathesis stress.Development and psychopathology · 2022Article
- Article
- Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Review
- Interactions between methodological and interindividual variability: How Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task contrast maps vary and impact associations with behavior.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Developmental trajectories to reduced activation of positive valence systems: A review of biological and environmental contributions.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2020Review
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Psychiatry: Recent Evidence and Clinical Implications.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- Testing differential susceptibility: Plasticity genes, the social environment, and their interplay in adolescent response inhibition.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Little is known about the causes of individual differences in reward sensitivity. We investigated gene-environment interactions (GxE) on behavioral and neural measures of reward sensitivity, in light of the differential susceptibility theory. This theory states that individuals carrying plasticity gene variants will be more disadvantaged in negative, but more advantaged in positive environments. Reward responses were assessed during a monetary incentive delay task in 178 participants with and 265 without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), from N=261 families. We examined interactions between variants in candidate plasticity genes (DAT1, 5-HTT and DRD4) and social environments (maternal expressed emotion and peer affiliation). HTTLPR short allele carriers showed the least reward speeding when exposed to high positive peer affiliation, but the most when faced with low positive peer affiliation or low maternal warmth. DAT1 10-repeat homozygotes displayed similar GxE patterns toward maternal warmth on general task performance. At the neural level, DRD4 7-repeat carriers showed the least striatal activation during reward anticipation when exposed to high maternal warmth, but the most when exposed to low warmth. Findings were independent of ADHD severity. Our results partially confirm the differential susceptibility theory and indicate the importance of positive social environments in reward sensitivity and general task performance for persons with specific genotypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.